reinforced
reinforced — 形容詞
- reinforcedpositive
- more reinforcedcomparative
- most reinforcedsuperlative
1. made physically stronger by using a tough material or by adding extra parts that
強化；加固
使用堅固材料或附加零件以增加強度
made physically stronger by using a tough material or by adding extra parts that increase its strength or durability
The shelves are made of reinforced plastic that can hold up to thirty kilograms without bending.
這些層架由強化塑膠製成，可承重達三十公斤而不彎曲。
collocation: reinforced plastic / reinforced glass
Nora bought reinforced hiking boots for her three-week trek through the Andes mountains.
Nora 買了一雙強化登山靴，準備進行為期三週的安地斯山脈健行。
collocation: reinforced boots / reinforced fabric
The museum installed reinforced windows after the break-in last winter.
去年冬天發生闖入事件後，博物館安裝了強化玻璃窗。
Yuki packed her laptop in a reinforced carrying case before the flight to Tokyo.
Yuki 在飛往東京之前，將筆記型電腦放進強化保護套中。
- strengthened
more general; reinforced implies adding a specific strengthening material
- fortified
stronger, often used for structures designed to resist attack
- toughened
suggests the material itself has been treated, not that something was added
- unreinforced
having no extra strengthening material added
- weak
opposite in terms of overall strength
用法筆記
Commonly pairs with nouns naming manufactured materials or objects: plastic, glass, fabric, rubber, cable, packaging.
常見錯誤
2. built with metal rods or mesh embedded inside concrete, brick, or other building
鋼筋加固的
在混凝土或磚結構中加入鋼筋以增強支撐力
built with metal rods or mesh embedded inside concrete, brick, or other building materials so the structure is strong enough to support heavy loads or resist cracking
The new bridge is built entirely from reinforced concrete and can support up to forty trucks at once.
這座新橋完全由鋼筋混凝土建造，一次可承受多達四十輛卡車的重量。
collocation: reinforced concrete / reinforced structure
After the earthquake, most homes in the village were rebuilt with reinforced walls and steel foundations.
地震過後，村莊裡大部分房屋都使用鋼筋加固的牆壁和地基重建。
collocation: reinforced walls / reinforced foundations
Lucia's apartment building has reinforced steel columns that make it much safer during typhoons.
Lucia 的公寓大樓擁有鋼筋加固的鋼柱，使其在颱風來襲時更加安全。
Kwame's new warehouse uses reinforced concrete floors that can support heavy storage racks.
Kwame 的新倉庫使用鋼筋混凝土地板，可支撐重型儲物架。
- steel-reinforced
more specific; names the material used
- ferroconcrete
technical term for concrete with embedded steel; not common in everyday English
- unreinforced
lacking any metal reinforcement; used especially of masonry or concrete
用法筆記
Nearly always used attributively before a noun (e.g. reinforced concrete, reinforced wall, reinforced foundation). The phrase 'reinforced concrete' is a fixed technical term in construction.
3. made more certain, intense, or deeply held — used to describe beliefs, opinions,
加深；增強
信念、感受等變得更加強烈或確定
made more certain, intense, or deeply held — used to describe beliefs, opinions, feelings, or commitments that have grown stronger
Amara's reinforced confidence after winning the competition helped her take on even harder projects.
Amara 在比賽獲勝後加深的信心，幫助她接受了更具挑戰性的專案。
collocation: reinforced confidence / reinforced belief
The team's reinforced commitment to the project came from seeing how their work improved people's lives.
看到自己的工作改善了人們的生活後，團隊對該專案加深的投入感油然而生。
His reinforced determination to finish medical school grew stronger after volunteering at the rural clinic.
在鄉村診所當志工後，他完成醫學院的決心變得更加堅定。
After meeting the survivors, Oliver's reinforced sense of purpose drove him to volunteer more often.
見到倖存者後，Oliver 更強烈的使命感驅使他更常去擔任志工。
- strengthened
more general; reinforced suggests the strengthening came from new evidence or experience
- deepened
suggests emotional intensity rather than logical certainty
- bolstered
suggests support that prevented weakening, not necessarily a major increase
用法筆記
Only used with abstract nouns: belief, opinion, feeling, suspicion, commitment, determination, confidence, resolve. Never used with concrete objects in this sense.
常見錯誤
4. supplied with extra soldiers, weapons, vehicles, or equipment to increase fighti
增援的
獲得更多士兵或武器以增強戰力
supplied with extra soldiers, weapons, vehicles, or equipment to increase fighting strength or defensive capability
The reinforced battalion arrived at dawn and helped push the enemy forces back across the river.
增援的營隊在黎明時分抵達，協助將敵軍擊退至河對岸。
collocation: reinforced battalion / reinforced troops
With reinforced defences along the northern border, the country felt better prepared for any possible attack.
北部邊境有了增援的防禦工事後，該國對可能發生的攻擊感到更有準備。
collocation: reinforced defences / reinforced position
The commander ordered a reinforced division to secure the supply routes east of the capital.
將軍命令一個增援師團確保首都以東的補給路線安全。
The reinforced garrison held its ground against three waves of attacks before the main force arrived.
增援的守備隊抵擋了三波攻擊，直到主力部隊抵達。
- augmented
more formal; can apply to any resource, not just military
- strengthened
more general; less specific to military context
- depleted
having lost troops or resources
- undermanned
having too few soldiers
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in military or security contexts. The subject is typically a military unit (battalion, division, garrison) or defensive installation (position, border, garrison).
reinforced — 動詞
- reinforcedpresent simple I / you / we / they
- reinforceds3rd person singular
- reinforceding-ing form
- reinforcededpast simple
1. to add material, support, or extra resources to something so that it becomes str
加強；加固
添加材料或支援以使更堅固或更有效
to add material, support, or extra resources to something so that it becomes stronger, more durable, or more effective
The workers reinforced the old wooden floor with steel beams before moving in the heavy printing press.
工人們在搬入重型印刷機之前，先用鋼樑加固了舊木地板。
pattern: reinforce + noun + with + material
Emma reinforced her argument with statistics from three separate research studies conducted across Asia.
Emma 用來自三項橫跨亞洲的獨立研究數據來加強她的論點。
pattern: reinforce + abstract noun + with + evidence
The charity reinforced its health programmes by sending an additional twenty doctors to the flood-affected region.
該慈善機構向遭受洪水襲擊的地區增派了二十名醫生，以加強其健康計劃。
Vikram reinforced the roof of his shed with extra wooden beams before the rainy season began.
Vikram 在雨季來臨前，用額外的木樑加固了他棚屋的屋頂。
- strengthen
more general; reinforce implies adding something specific to achieve the strength
- bolster
suggests supporting something that might otherwise fail or weaken
- fortify
suggests making something resistant to attack or pressure
- buttress
more formal; suggests supporting from the side or base
文法句型
reinforce + noun phrase
用法筆記
Often used in the pattern 'reinforce X with Y', where Y is the strengthening agent (material, data, personnel, etc.). Can apply to both physical objects and abstract things like arguments or systems.
常見錯誤
2. to encourage a particular type of behaviour in a person or animal by providing a
強化（行為）
透過獎勵來鼓勵特定行為
to encourage a particular type of behaviour in a person or animal by providing a reward, praise, or a positive response after the behaviour occurs
The teacher reinforced polite behaviour by giving each student a star on the chart whenever they said 'thank you'.
每當學生說「謝謝」時，老師就在圖表上給他們貼一顆星星，藉此強化禮貌的行為。
pattern: reinforce + behaviour + by + -ing / with + reward
Dog trainers typically reinforce desired actions by giving the animal a small treat within three seconds of the correct response.
訓犬師通常在動物做出正確反應後的三秒內給一顆小點心，藉此強化期望的行為。
domain: psychology / animal training
Parents can reinforce positive study habits by praising their children when they finish homework without being reminded.
父母可以在孩子無需提醒就完成作業時給予讚美，藉此強化正向的學習習慣。
The therapist reinforced the child's social skills by praising him each time he shared a toy with a classmate.
治療師每次在孩子與同學分享玩具時給予讚美，藉此強化他的社交技能。
- reward
more general and common in everyday English; reinforce is more technical
- encourage
softer and broader; does not imply a systematic reward system
- strengthen
less specific to behavioural conditioning
- discourage
to try to prevent a behaviour from continuing
- punish
to give a negative consequence to reduce a behaviour
文法句型
reinforce + behaviour/habit
用法筆記
A technical term in psychology and animal training. In everyday conversation, 'encourage' or 'reward' is more natural. 'Reinforce' is preferred in academic writing about behaviour modification.
常見錯誤
3. to request or gather additional troops, equipment, or supplies in order to stren
請求增援
尋求或獲得更多兵力或物資
to request or gather additional troops, equipment, or supplies in order to strengthen a military position or force
The commander decided to reinforce after the scouts reported a large enemy column approaching from the south.
偵察兵回報有大量敵軍正從南方逼近後，指揮官決定請求增援。
intransitive use: reinforce (no direct object)
When the patrol came under heavy fire, the squad leader radioed headquarters and asked permission to reinforce.
巡邏隊遭到猛烈攻擊時，小隊長用無線電聯繫總部並請求允許增援。
The general ordered the reserve battalion to reinforce by moving north along the coastal road under cover of darkness.
將軍命令預備營趁夜色沿海岸公路向北移動以進行增援。
With supplies running low, the captain radioed the base to reinforce before nightfall.
補給即將用盡，隊長用無線電聯絡基地，請求在天黑前進行增援。
- call for backup
informal, more common in non-military contexts
- bring in reinforcements
fuller expression; more natural in everyday language
文法句型
reinforce (no object)
用法筆記
This intransitive use is restricted to military contexts. In all other verb senses, 'reinforce' is transitive (it needs a direct object). This sense is much less common than the transitive uses.