manifold
/ˈmænɪfəʊld/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈmænɪfəʊld/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈma-nə-ˌfōld/ (ame, mw) · /ˈmæn.ɪ.fəʊld/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈmæn.ə.foʊld/ (ame, ipa)
manifold — 形容詞
- manifoldpositive
- more manifoldcomparative
- most manifoldsuperlative
1. covering a wide range of different forms, types, or aspects — for example, a com
多樣的；多方面的
多種不同形式或類別的
covering a wide range of different forms, types, or aspects — for example, a company with manifold business interests in technology, finance, and agriculture.
The organisation faces manifold challenges, including rising costs, staff shortages, and shifting public expectations.
該組織面臨多方面的挑戰，包括成本上升、人手短缺及公眾期望的轉變。
attributive use: manifold + noun (manifold challenges)
Dr. Okafor's research has manifold applications in medicine, engineering, and environmental science.
Dr. Okafor 的研究在醫學、工程學和環境科學方面有多種應用。
manifold + noun (manifold applications)
The benefits of learning a second language are manifold — better career opportunities, improved memory, and deeper cultural understanding.
學習第二外語的好處是多方面的——更好的就業機會、更強的記憶力以及更深的文化理解。
The Watanabe family has manifold interests, from traditional tea ceremony to modern computer programming.
Watanabe 一家興趣廣泛，從傳統茶道到現代電腦程式設計都有涉獵。
A healthy diet offers manifold advantages that go far beyond weight management alone.
健康的飲食帶來諸多好處，遠不止控制體重那麼簡單。
- numerous
emphasises large number, but not necessarily variety
- diverse
focuses on variety and difference among items
- multifarious
similar register but even more formal; emphasises extreme variety
- various
more common and less formal; suitable for everyday use
文法句型
manifold + noun
be + manifold
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (attributive) or after the verb 'be' in the pattern 'the + noun + are + manifold'. Rarely used in everyday conversation; more common in formal writing, journalism, and academic texts.
常見錯誤
manifold — 名詞
- manifoldsingular
- manifoldsplural
1. a pipe or chamber in an engine or other machine that has several openings, used
歧管；多支管
引擎或機械中帶有多個開口的管道
a pipe or chamber in an engine or other machine that has several openings, used to distribute or collect fluids or gases — for instance, an exhaust manifold that channels waste gases out of an engine's cylinders.
The mechanic noticed a crack in the exhaust manifold and recommended replacing it immediately.
技工發現排氣歧管上有裂痕，建議立即更換。
exhaust manifold — common compound noun
Air is drawn into the engine through the intake manifold and mixed with fuel before ignition.
空氣透過進氣歧管進入引擎，在點火前與燃油混合。
intake manifold — common compound noun
A leak in the manifold can cause the engine to run roughly and waste a lot of fuel.
歧管漏氣會導致引擎運轉不順暢，並浪費大量燃油。
The old truck's manifold had rusted through after years of use in cold, wet weather.
那輛舊卡車的歧管經過多年潮濕寒冷天氣的侵蝕，已經鏽穿了。
Linh checked the manifold gasket for signs of damage while the engine was still warm.
Linh 趁引擎還沒完全冷卻時，檢查了歧管墊片是否有損壞跡象。
- pipe fitting
a more general term for any connector between pipes
- header
a type of manifold, especially in high-performance engines (informal/technical)
文法句型
the + manifold
manifold + of + noun
用法筆記
Commonly appears in compound nouns: 'exhaust manifold' and 'intake manifold' are the two most frequent. Used almost exclusively in automotive and mechanical engineering contexts.
2. in advanced mathematics, a space in which every small region around any given po
流形
拓撲學中局部像平直空間的幾何結構
in advanced mathematics, a space in which every small region around any given point resembles ordinary flat space, even though the overall shape may be curved or highly complex.
A sphere is the simplest example of a two-dimensional manifold.
球面是二維流形最簡單的例子。
two-dimensional manifold — dimension specification
The concept of a manifold is essential for understanding Einstein's general theory of relativity.
流形的概念對於理解愛因斯坦的廣義相對論至關重要。
Dr. Chen published a paper on the geometry of four-dimensional manifolds.
陳博士發表了一篇關於四維流形幾何學的論文。
Topologists study how different manifolds can be classified by their shapes and holes.
拓撲學家研究如何根據形狀和孔洞的數量來分類不同的流形。
Every point on a smooth manifold has a neighbourhood that looks like a flat coordinate plane.
在光滑流形上，每個點附近都有一個類似平面座標系的鄰域。
文法句型
a + adjective + manifold
manifold + of + dimension
用法筆記
A specialised term in topology and geometry. Not used outside of academic mathematics or theoretical physics contexts. The most common technical subtypes are 'smooth manifold', 'Riemannian manifold', and 'differentiable manifold'.
manifold — 副詞
1. to a very great extent or by a large amount; used to emphasise that something ha
大大地；極大地
以極大的程度或數量
to a very great extent or by a large amount; used to emphasise that something has increased or changed significantly.
The town's population has manifold increased since the railway arrived in the 1920s.
自鐵路於1920年代通車以來，這個小鎮的人口大幅增加。
manifold + past participle (increased)
The scope of the investigation was manifold widened as new evidence came to light.
隨著新證據的出現，調查的範圍大大擴展。
manifold + past participle (widened)
The kingdom's trade was manifold enriched by the arrival of merchants from distant lands.
王國的貿易因遠方商人的到來而大大豐富。
The general's reputation was manifold strengthened by the series of victories in the north.
將軍的聲望因北方的一系列勝利而大大提升。
- slightly
to a small degree
文法句型
manifold + verb (past participle)
用法筆記
This adverb is now considered archaic or highly literary. It is rarely used in modern English except in deliberately formal or historical-style writing. The more common modern equivalent is 'greatly' or 'vastly'.
常見錯誤
manifold — 動詞
- manifoldpresent simple I / you / we / they
- manifolds3rd person singular
- manifolding-ing form
- manifoldedpast simple
1. to cause something to increase greatly in number, amount, or degree; or to becom
倍增；增加
使數量或程度大幅增加
to cause something to increase greatly in number, amount, or degree; or to become multiplied in this way.
The invention of the steam engine manifolded the productive capacity of the entire nation.
蒸汽引擎的發明極大地提高了整個國家的生產力。
transitive: manifolded + noun (the productive capacity)
During the boom years, the town's population manifolded as workers arrived from distant provinces.
在繁榮時期，該鎮的人口隨著工人從遠方省份湧入而成倍增加。
intransitive: population manifolded
The expansion of the rail network manifolded the opportunities for trade between the two regions.
鐵路網的擴張使兩個地區之間的貿易機會成倍增加。
After the dam was built, the number of farms in the valley manifolded as irrigation water became available.
水壩建成後，山谷中的農場數量因灌溉用水供應而大幅增加。
- multiply
the standard modern equivalent; used in everyday and formal contexts
- proliferate
suggests rapid and widespread increase, often of something undesirable
- compound
suggests an increase that builds upon itself (e.g., compounded interest)
文法句型
manifold + noun
something + manifolds
用法筆記
This verb is very rare in modern English. In most contexts, 'multiply', 'increase', or 'grow' are used instead. You may encounter it in older literature or in deliberately elevated style.
常見錯誤
2. to produce several or many identical copies of a written document, especially by
複印；複製
用複寫紙或機器製作多份副本
to produce several or many identical copies of a written document, especially by using carbon paper or a duplicating machine.
Before photocopiers existed, secretaries would manifold letters by placing carbon paper between sheets.
在影印機問世之前，秘書會在紙張之間夾上複寫紙來複印信件。
manifold + noun (letters)
The clerk manifolded the contract so that each party could keep a signed copy.
職員複印了合約，以便每一方都能保留一份簽署過的副本。
Carbon paper made it possible to manifold up to five copies of a single page at once.
使用複寫紙，可以一次複印多達五份同樣的文件。
The school secretary manifolded the exam papers so that every student received one.
學校秘書複印了考卷，確保每位學生都拿到一份。
文法句型
manifold + noun
用法筆記
This sense is historical. It refers specifically to the era of carbon paper and manual duplicating machines. Today, 'photocopy', 'duplicate', or simply 'copy' are used.