pastoral
/ˈpɑːstərəl/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈpæstərəl/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈpa-st(ə-)rəl nonstandard pa-ˈstȯr-əl/ (ame, mw)
pastoral — 形容詞
- pastoralpositive
- more pastoralcomparative
- most pastoralsuperlative
1. connected with the part of a priest's or teacher's work that gives personal supp
輔導的
與關懷勸導有關
connected with the part of a priest's or teacher's work that gives personal support, advice, or spiritual care
The school added two counselors to strengthen its pastoral support system.
學校增聘兩位輔導員，來加強學生輔導支援系統。
pastoral support in a school setting
During training, new priests study both theology and pastoral care.
培訓期間，新任司鐸同時學習神學與牧靈關懷。
pastoral care in church training
The head teacher met Salma about a pastoral concern at home.
導師與 Salma 會面，討論家中的關懷輔導問題。
Good pastoral work often begins with quiet listening, not quick advice.
好的關懷輔導常從安靜傾聽開始，而不是急著給建議。
- supportive
broader and less tied to formal care work
- advisory
focuses on giving advice rather than emotional care
- administrative
concerned with rules and paperwork rather than personal support
用法筆記
Common in school and church settings, often before nouns like care, support, or team. Distinguish from adjective/2, which describes artistic pictures of country life.
2. showing the countryside in a pleasant, traditional, or romantic way, especially
田園的
描寫理想化鄉村景象
showing the countryside in a pleasant, traditional, or romantic way, especially in art, music, or writing
The novel opens with a pastoral scene of sheep beside a stream.
這本小說一開頭就是羊群在溪邊的田園景象。
pastoral scene in literature
Flute music gave the film a gentle pastoral mood.
長笛聲替這部電影帶來柔和的田園氣氛。
pastoral mood created by music
The painter is known for pastoral landscapes with small farms and trees.
這位畫家以畫有小農場與樹木的田園風景聞名。
Ari wrote a pastoral poem to contrast village calm with city noise.
Ari 寫了一首田園詩，拿村莊的平靜對照城市的喧鬧。
- urban
describes city settings rather than country scenes
用法筆記
Usually describes art, writing, or music that presents country life warmly or idealistically. Distinguish from adjective/3, which refers to real animal farming or herding.
3. connected with shepherds, herding, or the raising of animals on open land
牧畜的
與放牧和牲畜飼養有關
connected with shepherds, herding, or the raising of animals on open land
The region's pastoral economy depends on sheep, goats, and open grassland.
這個地區的牧畜經濟仰賴羊群、山羊與大片草地。
pastoral economy based on animal herding
Herders still follow pastoral routes across the dry northern hills.
牧人至今仍沿著牧畜路線穿越北方乾燥的丘陵。
pastoral routes used for seasonal herding
Museum maps explain the area's long pastoral history and cattle trade.
博物館地圖說明了這個地區悠久的牧畜歷史與牛隻買賣。
The report compared pastoral communities with nearby rice-growing villages.
報告把牧畜社群和附近種稻的村落作了比較。
- arable
used for land devoted to growing crops
用法筆記
Most often modifies nouns such as community, economy, land, or route in discussions of herding. Unlike adjective/2, it describes real livestock life rather than an artistic style.
pastoral — 名詞
1. a poem, play, piece of music, or picture that shows shepherds or country life, o
田園作品
描寫鄉村生活的藝術作品
a poem, play, piece of music, or picture that shows shepherds or country life, often in an idealized way
Students read a short pastoral about shepherds singing at sunset.
學生讀了一篇描寫牧羊人在日落時歌唱的短篇田園作品。
countable noun for a rural-themed work
The gallery displayed a small pastoral beside two crowded city scenes.
畫廊把這件小型田園作品擺在兩幅擁擠的城市場景旁。
pastoral used for a painting
Critics praised the opera as a modern pastoral with farm voices.
評論家稱這齣歌劇是帶有農村聲響的現代田園作品。
In class, Felix compared the pastoral with a poem about war.
課堂上，Felix 把這篇田園作品和一首戰爭詩作比較。
- satire
focuses on criticism or mockery rather than idealized rural life
用法筆記
Usually countable when naming one poem, painting, or musical work. It is not the same as noun/2, which names a church letter.
2. an official church message sent in writing by a bishop, pastor, or similar leade
牧函
主教或牧者寫給教區的信
an official church message sent in writing by a bishop, pastor, or similar leader to members of a parish or diocese
The bishop's Christmas pastoral was read in every parish that Sunday.
那年聖誕節的主教牧函在每個堂區的主日禮拜中宣讀。
bishop's pastoral as an official church letter
Church volunteers printed the pastoral for members who stayed home.
教會志工把這封牧函印好，送給留在家中的會友。
the pastoral distributed to church members
In the pastoral, the archbishop asked families to welcome refugees.
在這封牧函中，大主教呼籲各家庭接納難民。
The history course included a wartime pastoral from the local diocese.
這門歷史課收錄了一封來自本地教區戰時的牧函。
用法筆記
Usually appears with bishop, diocesan, Easter, or Christmas, and is often read aloud in churches. It does not refer to general counselling or rural art.