sublimation
/ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈsə-blə-ˌmāt How to pronounce sublimate (audio)/ (ame, mw)
sublimation — 名詞
- sublimationsingular
- sublimationsplural
1. the psychological process of redirecting difficult feelings such as anger, sadne
情感昇華
將強烈情緒轉為創造性或建設性活動
the psychological process of redirecting difficult feelings such as anger, sadness, or frustration into constructive activities like art, writing, or exercise instead of expressing them directly.
Eri found that writing poetry was a helpful form of sublimation for her anger.
Eri 發現寫詩是將憤怒情緒昇華的有效方式。
sublimation + of + emotion
For Yumi, painting landscapes was a form of sublimation, turning her grief after the earthquake into quiet, beautiful images.
對 Yumi 來說，畫風景畫是一種情感昇華，將地震後的悲傷化為寧靜而美麗的畫面。
The counselor suggested sublimation as a way for Baraka to handle his workplace frustration.
輔導員建議 Baraka 透過昇華來處理工作上的挫折。
Running every evening became Pedro's main method of sublimation after difficult days at work.
每天傍晚跑步成了 Pedro 在工作不順時情緒昇華的主要方式。
Vivek turned his disappointment into a detailed sculpture, a clear act of sublimation.
Vivek 將失望化為一件精細的雕塑，這是情感昇華的明顯例子。
- channelling
more general term, not tied to psychology theory
- transformation
broader — can apply to any change in form
- re-direction
emphasises the change of direction rather than the productive outcome
- suppression
holding emotions back instead of redirecting them
- repression
unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or feelings
文法句型
sublimation + of + emotion/noun
用法筆記
Often used in therapeutic contexts to describe a healthy way of coping with negative emotions. The activity must be constructive or creative, not destructive.
常見錯誤
2. in psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious defense mechanism that redirects unacc
衝動昇華
將不被接受的慾望導向社會認可的行為
in psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious defense mechanism that redirects unacceptable primal impulses — especially sexual or aggressive ones — away from their original aim toward activities that society values, such as artistic work or intellectual achievement.
In Freudian theory, when Idris channels his aggressive instincts into competitive rugby, his sportsmanship becomes a form of sublimation.
根據佛洛伊德理論，當 Idris 將攻擊本能轉向競技橄欖球時，他的運動精神便成為一種衝動昇華。
sublimation + of + instinct
Amihan's passion for painting was a sublimation of childhood fears she could not express directly.
Amihan 對繪畫的熱情是童年恐懼的昇華，那些恐懼是她無法直接表達的。
Greta learned to sublimate her workplace anger through evening kickboxing instead of yelling at colleagues.
Greta 學會將工作上的怒氣透過晚間的踢拳課程來昇華，而不是對同事大吼。
After therapy, Michael used sublimation to turn his competitive drive into sales success at his insurance agency.
接受治療後，Michael 利用衝動昇華，將競爭心轉化為保險公司的業績成果。
Ryo turned his aggressive impulses into daily boxing practice, a clear case of sublimation.
Ryo 將攻擊衝動轉化為每天的拳擊練習，這是衝動昇華的明顯例子。
- channelling
less technical, used in everyday language
- redirection
focuses on the change in direction, not the theoretical framework
- repression
unconsciously blocking unacceptable urges from awareness
- acting out
expressing unacceptable impulses directly instead of redirecting them
文法句型
sublimation + of + instinct/urge/desire
用法筆記
This is the Freudian sense of the word, specifically referring to instinctual (often sexual) impulses. Distinguish from sense 1, which describes emotional expression more generally without the Freudian framework.
常見錯誤
3. the scientific process in which a solid changes directly into a gas when heated,
固體氣化
固體不經液態直接變為氣體的過程
the scientific process in which a solid changes directly into a gas when heated, without becoming a liquid first.
Dry ice undergoes sublimation, turning from a white solid directly into carbon dioxide gas.
乾冰會經歷固體氣化，直接從白色固體變成二氧化碳氣體。
undergoes sublimation — solid-to-gas chemical process
Esme watched the snow disappear from the cold sidewalk through the process of sublimation.
Esme 看著冷人行道上的雪經由固體氣化作用慢慢消失。
Sublimation of iodine crystals produces a bright purple vapor without any liquid phase.
碘晶體的固體氣化會產生明亮的紫色蒸氣，完全沒有液態階段。
First-year chemistry student Chen used a sublimation apparatus to separate the impure mixture and collect only the crystallized solid.
大一化學系學生 Chen 利用固體氣化裝置分離不純的混合物，僅收集結晶後的固體。
In freeze-drying machines, sublimation removes ice from food without melting it into water.
在冷凍乾燥機中，固體氣化作用能將食物中的冰去除，不必先融化成水。
- deposition
the reverse process — gas turning directly into solid
文法句型
undergo sublimation
sublimation + of + substance
用法筆記
The opposite process, where a gas turns directly into a solid, is called deposition. Do not confuse with evaporation, which is liquid to gas.
常見錯誤
sublimation — 動詞
- sublimationpresent simple I / you / we / they
- sublimations3rd person singular
- sublimationing-ing form
- sublimationedpast simple
1. to change from a solid into a vapor without first becoming a liquid; to cause a
昇華
固體不經液態直接變為氣體
to change from a solid into a vapor without first becoming a liquid; to cause a solid to change in this way.
At room temperature, solid naphthalene slowly sublimes into a strong-smelling gas.
在室溫下，固態的萘會慢慢昇華，產生氣味強烈的氣體。
intransitive: solid + sublimes + into + gas
Ilan watched the frozen water sublime directly into vapor on the high mountain peak.
Ilan 看著高山頂上凍結的水直接昇華為水蒸氣。
The chemist sublimed the impure compound to obtain a clean white powder.
化學家將不純的化合物昇華，以獲得潔白的粉末。
Zinc metal sublimes at low pressure inside a laboratory vacuum chamber, leaving no liquid behind.
鋅金屬在實驗室真空腔內的低壓環境下會昇華，完全不留下液體。
Hao placed a dish of iodine crystals on a warm surface and watched them sublime directly into purple vapor.
Hao 將一盤碘晶體放在溫暖的表面上，看著它們直接昇華為紫色蒸氣。
- sublimate
less common alternative verb for the same chemical process
- deposit
to change directly from a gas to a solid
文法句型
solid + sublimes
sublime + object
sublime + into + gas/vapor
用法筆記
When used transitively, the subject is typically a scientist, a machine, or a process and the object is a substance being purified. When intransitive, the subject is the substance itself. The verb 'sublime' is more common than 'sublimate' for this chemical sense.
常見錯誤
2. in psychology, to redirect unacceptable impulses, desires, or emotions away from
導引昇華
將本能衝動導向社會接受的行為
in psychology, to redirect unacceptable impulses, desires, or emotions away from their original target toward activities that society considers positive or appropriate.
Diego learned to sublimate his anger by playing the drums for an hour every evening.
Diego 學會每天傍晚打一小時鼓，將怒氣導引昇華。
sublimate + emotion + by + activity
Selim sublimated his childhood fears into a career as a building safety inspector.
Selim 將童年的恐懼導引昇華，成為一名建築安全檢查員。
The therapist helped the patient sublimate aggressive impulses through marathon training.
治療師幫助病人透過馬拉松訓練，將攻擊衝動導引昇華。
Rohan sublimated his desire to quit school into determination to finish his degree.
Rohan 將想輟學的念頭導引昇華為完成學位的決心。
文法句型
sublimate + emotion/impulse
sublimate + emotion + into + activity
sublimate + emotion + by + doing
用法筆記
The verb 'sublimate' is more common than 'sublime' for this psychological sense. The object is usually an internal state (anger, fear, desire, aggression) and is often followed by 'into' plus the redirected activity.
3. to make something better, purer, or more refined, as if raising it to a higher l
提煉提升
使事物變得更好、更純粹、更精煉
to make something better, purer, or more refined, as if raising it to a higher level of quality or excellence.
Years of practice sublimated Hao's natural talent into true artistic mastery.
多年的練習將 Hao 的天賦提煉提升為真正的藝術造詣。
sublimate + talent/skill + into + mastery
Poet Mai Ngo sublimates her morning walks through Saigon markets into vivid poems about family and memory.
詩人 Mai Ngo 將早晨漫步西貢市場的經歷，提煉提升為關於家庭與記憶的鮮活詩篇。
sublimate + concrete experience + into + artistic output
Noor sublimated three years of caring for her sick father into the gentle bedside manner she uses at work.
Noor 將三年來照顧生病父親的經歷，提煉提升為她在工作中表現出的溫柔態度。
The composer sublimated traditional folk songs into a modern symphony that moved the audience.
這位作曲家將傳統民謠提煉提升為感動觀眾的現代交響樂。
文法句型
sublimate + object
sublimate + object + into + improved form
用法筆記
This literary sense is rare and mostly found in formal or artistic writing. It extends the chemical metaphor of purification through sublimation to abstract qualities like talent, character, or creative work.