chauvinism

/ˈʃəʊvɪnɪzəm/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈʃəʊvɪnɪzəm/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈshō-və-ˌni-zəm/ (ame, mw)

chauvinism — 名詞

1. an intense, blind pride in one's own country, with the idea that it outranks eve

1.名詞C1
釋義

沙文主義

盲目相信自己國家最優越的偏激情緒

an intense, blind pride in one's own country, with the idea that it outranks every other nation — often loud, dismissive of foreigners, and resistant to any criticism of the homeland.

例句

João's chauvinism made him refuse to admit any other country had better football.

João 的沙文主義讓他拒絕承認任何國家足球比他自己的國家強。

subject's chauvinism + refuse / dismiss criticism

After the World Cup, a wave of chauvinism swept the small town and drowned out reason.

世界盃結束後，一股沙文主義席捲了那個小鎮，淹沒了理性的聲音。

abstract subject: 'a wave of chauvinism'

同義詞
  • jingoism

    narrower — extreme nationalism that pushes for war or aggressive foreign policy

  • ultranationalism

    more clinical, used in political analysis rather than everyday speech

  • xenophobia

    focus is hatred or fear of foreigners; chauvinism focuses on inflated pride in one's own group

反義詞

文法句型

chauvinism + about/toward [country]

用法筆記

Subject is usually a person, a movement, or a media product. Often paired with verbs of emergence (stir up, rise, surge) or attribution (full of, marked by). Distinguish from sense 2 by context — when no gender topic is present, default to this national-pride reading.

常見錯誤

❌He has many chauvinisms about his country.
✅He has a lot of chauvinism about his country.
💡chauvinism is uncountable, no plural form.
❌Her chauvinism for her hometown is sweet.
✅Her pride in her hometown is sweet.
💡chauvinism implies aggressive or unreasonable belief, not warm affection.

2. the attitude, usually held by men, that women are weaker, less capable, or less

2.名詞C1
釋義

大男人主義

認為男性優於女性的態度與作為

the attitude, usually held by men, that women are weaker, less capable, or less deserving than men — typically shown in everyday remarks, hiring choices, or expectations at home and work.

例句

Romi quit the engineering firm after years of facing open chauvinism from senior partners.

Romi 因為長年面對資深合夥人公開的大男人主義，最後離開了那家工程公司。

collocation: face chauvinism (from someone)

Élise wrote an article exposing the casual chauvinism of the comedy club scene.

Élise 寫了一篇文章，揭露脫口秀圈裡那種習以為常的大男人主義。

collocation: casual chauvinism

同義詞
  • sexism

    broader — any prejudice based on sex, in any direction; chauvinism centres on the belief that men are superior

  • misogyny

    stronger — active hatred or contempt for women, not just a belief in male superiority

  • patriarchy

    describes a social system, not a personal attitude

反義詞
  • egalitarianism

    belief that men and women deserve equal status and opportunity

  • feminism

    movement and stance advocating equality for women

文法句型

male chauvinism

chauvinism in [workplace / industry]

用法筆記

Distinguish from sense 1 by topic: when the issue is gender — workplace, household, or social expectations of women — this is the intended reading, even when the modifier 'male' is omitted. Frequently appears as the fixed phrase 'male chauvinism'.

常見錯誤

❌She showed real chauvinism by demanding equal pay.
✅She showed real determination by demanding equal pay.
💡chauvinism is the negative belief in male superiority, not female assertiveness.
❌Many female chauvinisms exist in that office.
✅Many examples of male chauvinism exist in that office.
💡the term is overwhelmingly used of men, and it is uncountable.