differentiated
differentiated — 形容詞
- differentiatedpositive
- more differentiatedcomparative
- most differentiatedsuperlative
1. easily recognized as not the same as other things or people because of clear, no
有區別的
與其他明顯不同的
easily recognized as not the same as other things or people because of clear, noticeable qualities
The two companies sell differentiated products that appeal to very different types of buyer.
這兩家公司銷售有區別的產品，吸引完全不同類型的買家。
collocation: differentiated products
Each region of the country has its own differentiated culture and local traditions.
這個國家的每個地區都有自己獨特的文化與地方傳統。
In a crowded market, a differentiated brand is much easier for customers to remember.
在擁擠的市場中，一個有區別度的品牌更容易讓顧客記住。
Minh's cooking style is clearly differentiated from the standard recipes by the use of fresh herbs.
Minh 的烹飪風格與一般食譜明顯不同，因為他使用新鮮香草。
- distinct
more neutral; does not emphasize the process of separation
- distinguishable
focuses on being able to tell things apart rather than being deliberately set apart
- unique
stronger — implies one of a kind
- undifferentiated
lacking any distinctive features
- identical
exactly the same
2. (of cells, tissue, or organs) having developed the specific size, shape, and rol
分化的
已分化出具特定功能的
(of cells, tissue, or organs) having developed the specific size, shape, and role needed for a particular job inside a living body
Stem cells can develop into many different kinds of differentiated cells such as skin or muscle cells.
幹細胞可以發育成許多種不同的分化細胞，例如皮膚細胞或肌肉細胞。
collocation: differentiated cells
Once nerve cells become fully differentiated, they normally stop dividing.
神經細胞一旦完全分化，通常就會停止分裂。
The lab examined how differentiated tissue responds when it is damaged.
實驗室觀察了已分化組織在受損後的反應。
In a developing embryo, cells gradually become more and more differentiated.
在發育中的胚胎裡，細胞會逐漸變得越來越分化。
The study compared the behaviour of differentiated heart cells with that of undifferentiated stem cells.
該研究比較了分化心臟細胞與未分化幹細胞的行為。
- specialized
more common in everyday science writing; less technical
- mature
focuses on the final stage rather than the process of becoming different
- undifferentiated
cells that have not yet developed a specialized function
- primitive
early-stage, not yet specialized
用法筆記
Frequently collocates with 'cells', 'tissue', and 'organs'. Often contrasted with 'undifferentiated' (stem cells that have not yet taken on a specific role).
3. designed with a range of teaching tasks and materials so that each learner recei
差異化
針對不同學生採用不同教法的
designed with a range of teaching tasks and materials so that each learner receives work at the right level for their ability
The teacher prepared differentiated worksheets for students at three different reading levels.
這位老師為三種不同閱讀程度的學生準備了差異化學習單。
collocation: differentiated worksheets / differentiated instruction
A differentiated classroom gives each child tasks that match their own skill level.
在差異化教室裡，每個孩子都會拿到符合自己能力的任務。
The school's differentiated approach helped both struggling students and advanced learners make progress.
該校的差異化教學方法讓學習困難的學生和資優生都能進步。
Teachers attended a workshop on how to plan differentiated lessons for mixed-ability classes.
教師參加了一場工作坊，學習如何為混合能力班級設計差異化課程。
- personalized
broader — applies to any tailored service, not just education
- individualized
focuses on one learner at a time rather than groups working at different levels
- uniform
the same for all students
- one-size-fits-all
informal; opposite of differentiated instruction
用法筆記
Almost always used in the context of education (especially 'differentiated instruction' and 'differentiated learning'). Not used outside this domain.
常見錯誤
differentiated — 動詞
- differentiatedpresent simple I / you / we / they
- differentiateds3rd person singular
- differentiateding-ing form
- differentiatededpast simple
1. to calculate the rate at which a mathematical function changes at any point by a
求導數
計算數學函數的導數
to calculate the rate at which a mathematical function changes at any point by applying a standard formula to find its derivative
In calculus class, the students learned how to differentiate polynomial functions.
在微積分課上，學生學習如何對多項式函數求導數。
grammar pattern: differentiate + noun (function/equation)
To work out the slope of the curve at any point, you first need to differentiate the equation.
要計算曲線上任一點的斜率，你首先需要對方程式求導數。
Oliver spent the afternoon differentiating a set of complex trigonometric functions for his homework.
Oliver 花了整個下午為一組複雜的三角函數做微分。
The formula on the board shows how to differentiate the product of two separate functions.
黑板上的公式說明了如何對兩個函數的乘積求導數。
- find the derivative of
longer paraphrase; less idiomatic in classroom speech
- take the derivative of
informal, common in spoken instruction
- integrate
the inverse operation in calculus
文法句型
differentiate + noun (function/equation)
用法筆記
The opposite mathematical operation is 'to integrate'. Very few English learners outside science and engineering will need this sense.
常見錯誤
2. to be the quality or feature that makes one person or thing clearly unlike anoth
使有別於
特質造成不同
to be the quality or feature that makes one person or thing clearly unlike another; to be the thing that sets someone or something apart
The quality of the ingredients differentiates their bread from ordinary supermarket loaves.
食材的品質讓他們的麵包與一般超市麵包有所區別。
pattern: differentiate + noun + from + noun
What differentiates a good manager from a great one is the ability to listen carefully.
好的經理與卓越經理之間的區別，在於傾聽的能力。
pattern: what differentiates + noun + from + noun
Brand loyalty is the main factor that differentiates this company from its competitors.
品牌忠誠度是這家公司與競爭對手之間的主要區別。
The rich, buttery flavour differentiates this cheese from cheaper supermarket alternatives.
濃郁的奶油風味使這種乳酪有別於超市的廉價替代品。
What differentiates a luxury hotel from a budget one is the level of personal service offered.
豪華飯店與平價飯店的差異在於所提供的個人化服務水準。
- distinguish
very close in meaning; 'distinguish' can also mean 'notice the difference', while this sense focuses on 'being the difference'
- set apart
phrasal verb; less formal but carries the same meaning
- separate
implies a clearer division between categories
- unify
to bring together rather than separate
- lump together
informal; to treat as the same
文法句型
differentiate + noun + from + noun
what differentiates + noun + from + noun
用法筆記
Frequently used in the pattern 'what differentiates X from Y' to introduce the distinguishing feature. The subject is typically a quality or characteristic, not a person.
常見錯誤
3. to notice or clearly explain the difference between two or more things that are
分辨；區別
識別或說明二者差異
to notice or clearly explain the difference between two or more things that are similar, especially by paying careful attention
Many people cannot differentiate between the two types of insect because they look so alike.
很多人無法分辨這兩種昆蟲，因為牠們長得非常相似。
pattern: differentiate between + noun + and + noun
A good journalist must learn to differentiate fact from opinion when reporting the news.
好的記者必須學會在新聞報導中分辨事實與意見。
The twins look so similar that even their own mother can barely differentiate them.
這對雙胞胎長得太像了，連她們的母親都很難分辨。
The course teaches students how to differentiate reliable sources from unreliable ones online.
這堂課教學生如何在網路上區分可靠與不可靠的來源。
Omar can easily differentiate the calls of different bird species by their pitch and rhythm.
Omar 可以透過音高和節奏輕易分辨不同鳥類的叫聲。
- tell apart
informal phrasal verb; very common in spoken English
- discriminate
more formal; implies finer judgment
- distinguish between
close synonym; slightly more formal
- confuse
to mistake one thing for another
- lump together
informal; to treat different things as identical
文法句型
differentiate between + noun + and + noun
differentiate + noun + from + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: sense 2 names the feature that creates the difference (e.g. 'price differentiates luxury cars'), while sense 3 names the act of noticing or expressing that difference (e.g. 'buyers must differentiate between models').
常見錯誤
4. (of cells, tissue, or an organism) to gradually change during growth and start p
分化
細胞等逐漸發育成特定形態
(of cells, tissue, or an organism) to gradually change during growth and start performing a specific job or having a special form
As the embryo grows, its cells begin to differentiate into different types of body tissue.
隨著胚胎發育，細胞開始分化成不同類型的身體組織。
pattern: differentiate into + noun
The stem cells differentiate when they receive specific chemical signals from surrounding tissue.
幹細胞在接收到周圍組織的特定化學訊號時就會分化。
During puberty, certain cells differentiate to form the reproductive organs.
在青春期，某些細胞會分化形成生殖器官。
The researchers observed how the plant cells differentiated under different conditions of light and moisture.
研究人員觀察植物細胞在不同光照與濕度條件下如何分化。
In the laboratory, the cells take about two weeks to fully differentiate into heart muscle.
在實驗室裡，這些細胞大約需要兩週才能完全分化成心肌。
- specialize
broader; used for organs, cells, or even non-biological roles
- develop into
less technical; suitable for general readers
- dedifferentiate
technical biology term for reverting to a less specialized state
文法句型
differentiate into + noun
用法筆記
Intransitive only — the cells differentiate by themselves (or in response to signals). If someone deliberately makes the cells change, use sense 5 (transitive).
5. to cause cells or tissue to develop a special structure or function, usually thr
使分化
使細胞等發育出具特定功能
to cause cells or tissue to develop a special structure or function, usually through controlled conditions or chemical treatment
Scientists are studying how to differentiate stem cells into healthy heart muscle.
科學家正在研究如何將幹細胞分化成健康的心肌。
pattern: differentiate + noun + into + noun
The growth hormone helps differentiate nerve cells during the early development of the brain.
生長激素有助於在大腦發育早期促使神經細胞分化。
The laboratory successfully differentiated the stem cells into insulin-producing tissue.
該實驗室成功地將幹細胞分化成可製造胰島素的組織。
A specific protein signal is needed to differentiate these precursor cells.
需要特定的蛋白質訊號才能促使這些前驅細胞分化。
The team found a new method to differentiate skin cells into nerve cells for use in spinal-cord research.
該團隊發現了一種新方法，可將皮膚細胞分化成神經細胞，用於脊髓研究。
- convert
broader; does not imply the natural developmental pathway
- transform into
less technical; suitable for general readers
文法句型
differentiate + noun + into + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 4: sense 4 is intransitive (cells differentiate by themselves), while this sense is transitive (a scientist differentiates the cells). Both are common in biology writing.