hardiness

/ˈhɑːdinəs/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈhɑːrdinəs/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈhärdēnə̇s ˈhȧd-, -din-/ (ame, mw)

hardiness — 名詞

1. the quality of staying strong and well in cold, hunger, illness, or other harsh

1.名詞C1
釋義

耐力；堅韌

在艱苦條件下仍保持強健的能力

the quality of staying strong and well in cold, hunger, illness, or other harsh conditions that would make most people give up.

例句

Sade credits her grandmother's hardiness for getting the family through the long winter.

Sade 把全家熬過漫長冬天的功勞，歸給祖母的刻苦耐勞。

the hardiness of [person] for [enduring something]

The hardiness of the fishing crew amazed the young reporter from Lagos.

捕魚船員的耐力，讓那位來自拉哥斯的年輕記者大為驚訝。

the hardiness of [group]

同義詞
  • toughness

    everyday; covers both body and mind, slightly less formal

  • endurance

    focus on lasting a long time under strain

  • resilience

    ability to recover after setbacks, not just to endure them

  • robustness

    more clinical; often of health or systems

反義詞
  • frailty

    weakness, especially of body or health

  • delicacy

    easily harmed by rough conditions

文法句型

the hardiness of [person/group]

hardiness in [adverse condition]

用法筆記

Subject is usually a person, a group, or a body — not an emotion or idea. Distinguish from sense 3: this is about lasting through hardship, not about being bold or taking risks.

常見錯誤

❌She showed great hardiness to speak in public.
✅She showed great courage to speak in public.
💡hardiness is about lasting through hardship, not being brave in a single moment.

2. how well a plant can survive outdoors through cold winters or other bad weather

2.名詞C2
釋義

耐寒性

植物在寒冬戶外存活的能力

how well a plant can survive outdoors through cold winters or other bad weather without being moved inside or covered.

例句

Ziad chose lavender for the border because of its hardiness in dry, frosty winters.

Ziad 選擇薰衣草作為花圃邊界，因為它在乾燥又有霜的冬天裡耐寒性很好。

hardiness in [weather condition]

The seed packet listed the hardiness of each variety on the back.

種子包裝上的背面，列出了每個品種的耐寒性。

同義詞
反義詞

文法句型

the hardiness of [plant]

winter hardiness

用法筆記

Sense restricted to plants. Often modified by 'winter' or 'cold'. Gardening catalogues and seed packets use this term almost exclusively in this sense.

常見錯誤

❌This dog has great hardiness for outdoor life.
✅This dog has great toughness for outdoor life.
💡'hardiness' for animals sounds odd; the plant sense doesn't extend to pets.

3. the readiness to face danger or to do something risky that other people would no

3.名詞C2
釋義

膽識；大膽

敢於冒險或挑戰權威的勇氣

the readiness to face danger or to do something risky that other people would not dare attempt — for example, sailing alone across an ocean, or challenging a powerful person in public.

例句

Nadia had the hardiness to question the minister during the town hall meeting.

Nadia 有膽識在市民大會上當面質問部長。

the hardiness to [do bold action]

Few sailors had the hardiness to cross the Atlantic in such a small boat.

很少有水手有那種膽識，能用這麼小的船橫渡大西洋。

the hardiness to [face danger]

同義詞
  • boldness

    everyday equivalent; the most common modern choice

  • audacity

    often suggests crossing a social line; can carry mild disapproval

  • temerity

    formal and disapproving; suggests reckless cheek

  • nerve

    informal; emphasises cool courage at the moment of action

反義詞
  • timidity

    shyness or unwillingness to act

  • cowardice

    strong disapproval; failure to act from fear

文法句型

the hardiness to do [bold action]

the hardiness of [bold act]

用法筆記

Formal and somewhat literary; modern writers more often choose 'boldness', 'audacity', or 'nerve'. Distinguish from sense 1 (toughness): this sense is about the courage to act, not the ability to endure hardship.

常見錯誤

❌He had the hardiness to survive the cold.
✅He had the hardiness to interrupt the president.
💡sense 3 means doing something bold; surviving hardship is sense 1.