penalties
penalties — 名詞
- penaltiessingular
- penaltiesesplural
1. a legal consequence, such as a fine or time in prison, that a court orders when
刑罰
違法後法院判處的制裁
a legal consequence, such as a fine or time in prison, that a court orders when someone is found guilty of a crime
The penalty for stealing a car in that country can be up to ten years in prison.
在該國，偷車的刑罰最高可達十年監禁。
the penalty for + crime + can be + punishment
Nora received a lighter penalty because she cooperated with the police investigation.
Nora 因配合警方調查而獲得了較輕的刑罰。
Judges have the power to decide whether the penalty should be a fine or a prison sentence.
法官有權決定刑罰是罰款還是監禁。
Felix was warned that the penalty for lying in court would be a separate criminal charge.
Felix 受到警告，在法庭上說謊的刑罰會是另外提起一項刑事指控。
The new law increases the penalty for dangerous driving to include a mandatory ban from the roads.
新法加重了危險駕駛的刑罰，包括強制吊銷駕照。
- punishment
more general term; penalty is specifically tied to laws or rules
- sentence
specifically the court's official decision on punishment after a conviction
- sanction
more formal; can also mean an official order restricting trade or relations
- reward
something given as a positive result rather than a negative one
文法句型
the penalty for + noun/-ing
a penalty of + time/money
用法筆記
Frequently used in legal contexts. The preposition for introduces the crime or offense, while of introduces the punishment amount or duration.
常見錯誤
2. an amount of money that someone must pay for breaking a contract, arriving late,
罰款
違約或違規需支付的錢
an amount of money that someone must pay for breaking a contract, arriving late, or failing to follow a set of rules
Amira had to pay a penalty of fifty dollars for returning the rental car one day late.
Amira 因晚還租車一天，不得不支付五十美元的罰款。
pay a penalty of + amount for + reason
The building contractor faced a heavy penalty for failing to complete the work on time.
該建築承包商因未能按時完工而面臨巨額罰款。
Many airlines charge a penalty when passengers change their ticket less than twenty-four hours before departure.
許多航空公司在旅客於起飛前不到二十四小時更改機票時，會收取一筆罰款。
Lucía read every line of the rental agreement to check for early-exit penalty clauses.
Lucía 仔細閱讀了租約的每一行，以查看是否有提前解約的罰款條款。
If you withdraw money from this savings account early, the bank deducts a penalty equal to three months of interest.
如果提前從這個儲蓄帳戶提款，銀行會扣除相當於三個月利息的罰款。
文法句型
a penalty for + noun/-ing
pay a penalty of + amount
用法筆記
Often appears in financial and contractual contexts. The penalty can be a fixed amount or a percentage of the total value. Late-payment penalties are common in loans, credit cards, and utility bills.
常見錯誤
3. a punishment or disadvantage given to a player or team in a sport, such as footb
罰球；處罰
運動比賽中犯規的判罰
a punishment or disadvantage given to a player or team in a sport, such as football or hockey, for breaking the rules during a game
The referee awarded a penalty after the goalkeeper collided with the striker inside the box.
守門員在禁區內撞倒前鋒後，裁判判給了對方一個罰球。
collocation: award / give a penalty
Antonia scored from the penalty spot and sent the crowd into a wild celebration.
Antonia 在罰球點上射門得分，讓全場觀眾陷入瘋狂慶祝。
The hockey player sat in the penalty box for two minutes because of his high-sticking violation.
這位冰球選手因為高桿犯規，在受罰區坐了兩分鐘。
Noa argued with the referee that the tackle was clean and should not have been a penalty.
Noa 和裁判爭論說那個鏟球動作很乾淨，不應該被判罰球。
The team conceded two penalties in the first half and lost the match by a single goal.
該隊在上半場被判了兩次罰球，最後以一球之差輸掉了比賽。
- advantage
the benefit a team gains from play, opposite of a penalty disadvantage
文法句型
award / give / concede a penalty
penalty kick / box / spot / shot
用法筆記
Common in football (soccer), hockey, and rugby. In football, 'penalty' often refers specifically to a penalty kick. In hockey, a player sits in the 'penalty box' temporarily. In American football, yardage is taken away from the offending team.
常見錯誤
4. an unpleasant result that comes naturally from a particular choice, situation, o
代價
某情況或行為帶來的不良後果
an unpleasant result that comes naturally from a particular choice, situation, or way of living
Dario accepted that long working hours were simply one of the penalties of running his own business.
Dario 接受了長時間工作只是經營自己事業的代價之一。
the penalty / penalties of + situation
Meera paid a heavy penalty for ignoring the early signs of the disease.
Meera 因為忽略了疾病的早期徵兆，付出了沉重的代價。
collocation: pay a heavy / terrible penalty
The team paid the penalty for their poor preparation by losing the championship game badly.
該隊因準備不足而付出代價，在冠軍賽中慘敗。
One penalty of being a famous singer is that Brian cannot go anywhere without being recognized.
當著名歌手的代價之一，就是 Brian 無論去哪裡都會被認出來。
Layla felt that the emotional penalty of keeping the secret was worse than any punishment her parents would give.
Layla 覺得保守秘密所付出的情感代價，比父母給予的任何懲罰都更難受。
文法句型
the penalty of + noun/-ing
pay the penalty for + noun/-ing
用法筆記
Often used in plural form (the penalties of fame / success). Unlike senses 1-3, this meaning is not about an official rule — it describes a natural, unavoidable downside. The verb phrase 'pay the penalty' is a fixed expression in this sense.