such

/sʌtʃ/ (bre, ipa) · [sˈʌtʃ] /sʌtʃ/ (ame, ipa) · [sˈʌtʃ] /ˈsəch ˈsich/ (ame, mw)

1.名詞B2

釋義

嚴格說來

指按照字詞最嚴格的意義

used after 'as' to show that you mean something strictly according to the definition of the word just mentioned, and not in a wider or looser sense

例句

There is no library as such in the town, but the community centre has books.

鎮上嚴格說來沒有圖書館，但社區中心有放書。

as such after 'no + noun'

Adisa is not a designer as such, but she creates illustrations for local brands.

Adisa 嚴格說來不是設計師，但她會為本地品牌創作插畫。

同義詞

strictly speaking
adverbial phrase that can often replace 'as such' without changing the meaning; more explicit about the strictness
in the strict sense
more formal than 'as such'; often used in academic or legal writing
properly speaking
similar meaning but slightly old-fashioned; less common in everyday speech

反義詞

loosely speaking
indicates the opposite — that you are using a word in a broad or approximate way
in a broad sense
opposite register — signals a wide, non-restrictive interpretation of a term

文法句型

no + noun + as such

not + [noun/role] + as such

never + [verb] + [noun] + as such

用法筆記

Typically follows a negative or limiting statement ('no', 'not', 'never') and is often followed by a clause beginning with 'but' or 'though' that provides a partial exception or qualification.

常見錯誤

❌He is a doctor as such, working at the city hospital.

✅He is not a doctor as such, though he does work at a hospital.

💡'as such' in this sense only follows a negative or limiting statement, not a positive one.

❌As such, we decided to leave early.

✅There was no emergency as such, but we decided to leave early.

💡Using 'as such' to mean 'therefore' is a different sense; for this meaning the phrase must follow the word it refers to.

suchpositive
suchercomparative
suchestsuperlative

1.形容詞B1

釋義

這種；此類

所指的這一類的

used to point to that exact kind of person or thing, usually one just described or obvious from the situation — for example, after hearing about a luxury sports car, you might say you could never afford such a car.

例句

Mira had never tasted such delicious food at a school cafeteria before.

Mira 從未在學校餐廳吃過這麼美味的食物。

such + adjective + noun for specific type

The librarian said there is no such book in the school collection.

圖書館員說學校的館藏裡沒有這樣的書。

there is no such + noun (denying existence)

同義詞

that kind of
more conversational, less formal
of that sort
similar meaning, slightly more formal

文法句型

such + noun phrase + as + clause

such + noun phrase + that + clause

there is no such + noun

用法筆記

Commonly appears in the negative pattern 'no such + noun' to deny that a particular type of thing exists. Also used with 'as' to give an example of the type being discussed.

常見錯誤

❌I never saw such a good movie.' (This is fine for the degree sense but for the type sense you need a clearer referent.)

✅I never saw such a movie as you described.

💡For the TYPE sense, use 'as' or 'that' to connect the description.

❌There is no such a thing as luck.

✅There is no such thing as luck.

💡After 'no such', do NOT add the article 'a'.

2.形容詞B2

釋義

至此程度

達到後續說明的程度

to a degree or extent that is specified by a following clause — used to link a situation and its result, as in 'the traffic was such that we missed the flight' or 'such was her fear that she could not speak'.

例句

The noise from the construction was such that Sade could not concentrate on her homework.

施工的噪音大到 Sade 無法專心寫作業。

such + that + clause (result pattern)

Such was the demand for tickets that the show sold out in one hour.

門票的需求如此之高，以致於在一小時內就銷售一空。

Such + be + noun + that (inverted fronting)

同義詞

so much
used with uncountable nouns; less common in this pattern
to the point that
more informal, more conversational

文法句型

such + that + clause

Such + be + noun + that + clause

用法筆記

In formal English, 'such' can be fronted with inverted word order: 'Such was her anger that...' instead of 'Her anger was such that...'. The 'that' is occasionally omitted in informal speech, but is standard in written English.

常見錯誤

❌It was such that hot that we stayed inside.

✅It was such a hot day that we stayed inside.

💡With an adjective before the noun, use 'such a + adjective + noun + that'. Without a noun, use 'such + that' directly.

❌His kindness was such that everyone likes him.' (wrong tense agreement)

✅His kindness was such that everyone liked him.

💡The tense in the that-clause should match the main clause.

3.形容詞B1

釋義

前述；那樣

前面提過的那種

used in formal comments to refer back to that whole type of behaviour, event, or condition after it has just been mentioned — for example, calling repeated lateness 'such behaviour'.

例句

Renata arrived late three times, and such behaviour cannot be ignored by the manager.

Renata 遲到了三次，經理不能忽視這樣的行為。

such + noun referring back to previously described behaviour

The bridge was damaged in a storm, and such conditions made it unsafe to cross.

舊橋在暴風雨中受損，這樣的狀況使得過橋不安全。

同義詞

that kind of
less formal, more common in speech
of that nature
formal, used in legal or official contexts

文法句型

such + noun

such + be + noun / noun phrase

用法筆記

This sense is more common in formal writing (reports, official notices, academic texts) than in everyday conversation. In casual speech, speakers typically say 'that kind of' or 'that sort of' instead.

常見錯誤

❌He was rude. Such behaviour I do not like.' (awkward word order)

✅He was rude. I do not like such behaviour.

💡Place the noun and 'such' in the object position after the verb.

❌Such a behaviour will not be tolerated.

✅Such behaviour will not be tolerated.

💡When 'such' refers back to an uncountable or plural noun, do NOT add the article 'a'.

4.形容詞A2

釋義

這麼；那麼

程度極高的

used before a noun to emphasize that someone or something has an extreme quality, often linking to a result — like saying 'it was such a hot day that the ice cream melted' or 'she has such lovely eyes'.

例句

It was such a windy afternoon that Joon's umbrella broke in two.

那天風大到 Joon 的雨傘被吹成了兩半。

such + a + adjective + noun + that (extreme + result)

Nila received such wonderful news that she called her mother immediately.

Nila 收到這麼棒的消息，她立刻打電話給母親。

同義詞

very
an adverb, not an adjective; simpler and more common
extremely
more formal; works as an adverb intensifier
so
adverb used in the pattern 'so + adjective + a + noun' ('so hot a day') — more formal and less common

文法句型

such + (adjective) + noun + that + clause

such + a/an + (adjective) + noun

用法筆記

This is the most common and earliest-learned sense of adjectival 'such'. A 'that'-clause is optional when the result is obvious from context: 'It was such a lovely day!' (the result is implied, not stated). Distinguish from sense 2: sense 2 uses 'such + that-clause' without a noun ('His anger was such that...'), while sense 4 uses 'such + noun phrase' with an optional result.

常見錯誤

❌It was such hot day that we stayed home.

✅It was such a hot day that we stayed home.

💡Always remember the article 'a' or 'an' before a singular countable noun after 'such'.

❌She is such nice person.

✅She is such a nice person.

💡The article 'a' is required before singular countable nouns.

5.形容詞B1

釋義

例如；諸如

同類事物的舉例

used to introduce examples that belong to the same group or category as the thing just mentioned — for instance, 'large birds such as eagles and hawks' means eagles and hawks are examples of large birds.

例句

Fruit trees such as apple and pear grow well in this region.

蘋果樹和梨樹之類的果樹在這個地區長得很好。

such as + example (category member)

Jin enjoys team sports such as basketball and football.

Jin 喜歡籃球和足球這類團隊運動。

同義詞

like
less formal, far more common in everyday speech
for example
functions as a sentence adverbial, not directly attached to nouns
including
suggests a partial list, similar but not identical

文法句型

such as + noun / noun phrase

plural noun + such as + example

用法筆記

'Such as' is more formal than 'like' for introducing examples. In casual speech, 'like' is far more common ('fruits like apples'). In academic and formal writing, prefer 'such as'.

常見錯誤

❌Countries such as like Japan and Korea.

✅Countries such as Japan and Korea.

💡Do NOT add 'like' after 'such as'; 'such as' already means 'for example'.

❌I like animals such as dogs, cats, etc.

✅I like animals such as dogs and cats.

💡Using 'such as' with 'etc.' is redundant; 'such as' already implies there are other examples.

6.形容詞B2

釋義

某某；某個

未具體說明的

used as a placeholder for a specific but unnamed person, thing, time, or amount — for example, 'at such and such a time' means at a particular time that the speaker does not want or need to name exactly.

例句

The form asks you to confirm that you arrived at such and such a date.

表格要求你確認你在某某日期抵達。

such and such + noun (unnamed placeholder)

The teacher told the class to read chapter such-and-such for homework.

老師叫全班閱讀某章節作為作業。

同義詞

so-and-so
used for people rather than things; informal
certain
similar vagueness but less specific about what is being replaced

文法句型

such-and-such + noun

such and such + noun

at such a time

such a one

用法筆記

This sense is mostly used in formal or bureaucratic contexts (contracts, forms, legal documents) or when a speaker deliberately avoids giving a specific name or number. Less common in everyday conversation.

常見錯誤

❌Meet me at such and such time.' (missing article)

✅Meet me at such and such a time.

💡The article 'a' is needed before a singular countable noun in this construction.

❌He went to such and such store.' (missing article)

✅He went to such and such a store.

💡Same rule applies.

1.副詞B1

釋義

那麼

達到極高程度的

placed before an adjective that comes before a noun to indicate that the quality described exists to a very high degree — for instance, saying 'such a hot day' means the day is extremely hot, or 'such beautiful flowers' means the flowers are remarkably beautiful.

例句

Layla had never seen such a large crowd at the local market before.

Layla 從未在當地市場見過那麼擁擠的人潮。

such a + adjective + singular noun (extreme degree)

The children made such a terrible mess that their mother asked them to clean it up.

孩子們把廚房弄得這般凌亂，媽媽只好叫他們打掃乾淨。

同義詞

so
used directly before an adjective without a noun, e.g. 'so hot' vs 'such a hot day'
that
informal; 'it was that good' is weaker in emphasis

文法句型

such a/an + adjective + singular noun

such + adjective + plural noun

such + adjective + uncountable noun

用法筆記

Always requires a following adjective that modifies the noun in the same phrase. For singular countable nouns, the pattern 'such a/an + adjective + noun' is mandatory — the article cannot be dropped or moved before 'such'. For plural and uncountable nouns, no article is used.

常見錯誤

❌I have never seen such beautiful car.

✅I have never seen such a beautiful car.

💡With singular countable nouns, 'such a' is required, not just 'such'.

❌Such a beautiful cars are hard to find.

✅Such beautiful cars are hard to find.

💡With plural nouns, drop the article 'a' after 'such'.

2.副詞B1

釋義

多麼

強調某事物尤其突出

used before a noun to say that something is particularly true or strongly applies, in a way similar to 'especially' or 'very' — for instance, saying 'it was such a shame' means it was a great shame, and 'he is such a gentleman' means he is a perfect gentleman.

例句

It was such a shame that Caio could not join the team for the final match.

Caio 無法參加總決賽，真是多麼可惜的事。

such a + abstract noun (emphatic statement)

Adisa said it was such a pleasure to work with friendly colleagues every day.

Adisa 說每天能與親切的同事共事，是多麼愉快的事。

同義詞

especially
adverb; 'especially fun' is more direct but less emphatic
really
informal; 'really a shame' vs 'such a shame' — similar emphasis

文法句型

such a/an + abstract noun

such + uncountable noun (e.g. such fun)

用法筆記

Commonly appears with abstract nouns that express emotions or evaluations — 'such a pleasure', 'such a shame', 'such a pity', 'such fun', 'such an honour'. When the noun is uncountable (like 'fun'), no article is used. This sense emphasises the noun itself rather than a specific quality measured on a scale.

常見錯誤

❌It is such fun time to be here.

✅It is such fun to be here.

💡'such fun' is a fixed expression; do not add extra nouns like 'time' after it.

❌He is such gentleman — always polite.

✅He is such a gentleman

💡always polite.' — 'such a' is required before singular countable nouns.

3.副詞B2

釋義

按此方式

以特定方式導致某結果

used to describe the way something is done, arranged, or happens, linking an action or situation to its intended or actual result — for instance, 'the room was arranged such that everyone could see the screen' means the arrangement created that effect, and 'rules such as to ensure fairness' means the rules are designed to produce fairness.

例句

The chairs were arranged such that every guest could see the stage.

椅子按此方式排列，讓每位賓客都能看到舞台。

such that + clause (manner with result)

Caio designed the shelf such as to hold all of his heavy textbooks.

Caio 按此方式設計書架，以便能放下所有厚重的教科書。

such as to + infinitive (purpose)

同義詞

so that
more common in everyday English; 'so that everyone could see'
in such a way that
fuller form; slightly more explicit but less common

文法句型

such that + clause

such as to + infinitive

such...as to + infinitive

用法筆記

Typically followed by 'that' plus a clause describing a resulting situation, or by 'as to' plus an infinitive describing a purpose. This construction is more common in formal and written English than in everyday conversation. In casual speech, speakers often use 'so that' or 'in a way that' instead.

常見錯誤

❌The room was arranged such that everyone can see.' (tense mismatch)

✅The room was arranged such that everyone could see.

💡Keep the tense in the that-clause consistent with the main clause.

❌He spoke such as to everyone listened carefully.

✅He spoke such that everyone listened carefully.

💡Use 'such that' (without 'as') when followed by a clause with a subject and verb.

1.限定詞 / 代名詞A2

釋義

如此；這麼

強調程度極高

placed before a noun to say that something has an extreme level of a quality — for example, such a tall building, such strong coffee, or such awful news that nobody could believe it.

例句

The children made such a mess in the kitchen that their mother asked them to clean it up.

孩子們把廚房弄得如此凌亂，媽媽只好叫他們打掃乾淨。

such a + noun + that-clause for showing result

I have never tasted such delicious soup — could you share the recipe with me?

我從來沒喝過這麼美味的湯——可以分享食譜給我嗎？

同義詞

so
used before adjectives or adverbs instead of before nouns; 'such a nice day' vs 'so nice'
that
informal and weaker in emphasis; 'it was that good' is less emphatic

文法句型

such a/an + adjective + noun

such + adjective + plural/uncountable noun

such a/an + noun + that-clause

用法筆記

Frequently followed by a that-clause that describes the result of the extreme degree. With singular countable nouns, 'a' or 'an' must come after 'such' (not before it).

常見錯誤

❌I have never seen such beautiful car.

✅I have never seen such a beautiful car.

💡Use 'such a/an' before singular countable nouns, not 'such' alone.

2.限定詞 / 代名詞A2

釋義

這類；此種

指前面提及的那一類

pointing back to a type of person or thing that was mentioned in an earlier sentence — for instance, saying you have never witnessed such dishonesty after hearing about a colleague who lied to customers.

例句

The manager told us to report any such problems to her immediately.

經理告訴我們，任何這類問題都要立刻向她報告。

any such + noun for referring back to a category

Evelyn has never said such things about anyone in her class before.

Evelyn 以前從未說過這類關於班上同學的話。

同義詞

that kind of
more conversational and explicit; 'that kind of behaviour' instead of 'such behaviour'
of that sort
slightly more formal; 'issues of that sort'

文法句型

such + noun

such as + noun phrase

any such + noun

such + noun + as/that

用法筆記

Often refers back to something mentioned in an earlier sentence or clause. When the noun is singular countable, 'such a/an' is used the same way as in sense 1, but the emphasis is on type rather than degree.

常見錯誤

❌I told her my idea. She had never heard such a idea.

✅I told her my idea. She had never heard such an idea.

💡The article must match the sound of the following word, just like 'a/an' normally.

3.限定詞 / 代名詞B1

釋義

像…那樣的

引出即將說明的類型

used when the speaker is about to state or explain what kind of person or thing is meant — for example, telling a friend that such a scheme requires careful planning, and then going on to describe the scheme in detail.

例句

There are no such things as ghosts, my grandfather told me firmly.

祖父堅定地告訴我，這世上根本沒有鬼這回事。

no such + noun + as for denying existence of a category

The law punishes such acts as stealing money from old people.

法律會處罰像偷老人錢財這樣的行為。

同義詞

like
more conversational; 'fruits like apples' instead of 'such fruits as apples'
of the type
more formal and explicit; 'of the type that grows in cold climates'

文法句型

such + noun + as

such + noun + that-clause

such as + noun phrase

用法筆記

Distinguish from sense 2: sense 3 introduces the category for the first time, while sense 2 refers back to a category already mentioned. The 'such…as' structure is common here.

4.限定詞 / 代名詞B1

釋義

等等；之類的

表示同類事物也包含在內

placed after a short list of things to show that other things of the same general kind are included too — for example, 'cards, gifts, and such' means cards, gifts, and similar items.

例句

The shop sells cards, gifts, and such — all at very low prices.

這家店賣卡片、禮物之類的，價格都很便宜。

noun + and such for listing similar items

We need to buy food, drinks, plates, and such for the party.

我們需要買食物、飲料、盤子之類的來辦派對。

同義詞

and the like
more formal; 'novels, poetry, and the like'
and so forth
neutral register; 'food, drinks, and so forth'
etc.
common in writing; 'pens, paper, etc.'

文法句型

noun + and such

noun, noun, and such

用法筆記

This sense is informal and usually appears at the end of a list. In formal writing, 'and the like' or 'and so forth' is preferred.

常見錯誤

❌I like reading, music, and such things.' (redundant)

✅I like reading, music, and such.

💡'such' at the end already includes the idea of 'things.'

5.限定詞 / 代名詞B2

釋義

嚴格意義上的

指詞語的精確意義

placed after a noun to show that you are using a word or phrase in its full, exact meaning without any softening or exception — for example, calling someone a 'leader in the true sense of the word' means they fully deserve that title.

例句

A teacher in the true sense of the word cares about more than just grades.

一個真正（嚴格意義上）的老師，關心的不只是成績。

in the true sense of the word for precise meaning

This is not a holiday in the usual sense — we will be working every day.

這不是一般意義上的度假——我們每天都要工作。

同義詞

literally
adverb form; 'literally a genius' but less formal
strictly speaking
adverbial phrase; 'strictly speaking, he is not an employee'

文法句型

in the + adjective + sense of the word

in every sense of the term

in the true sense

用法筆記

Typically appears in the fixed phrase patterns 'in the X sense of the word' or 'in every sense.' The noun before 'sense' is often an adjective of precision: true, literal, strict, formal, usual, meaningful.

常見錯誤

❌He is a friend in a true sense.

✅He is a friend in the true sense of the word.

💡The definite article 'the' and 'of the word' are part of the fixed expression.

6.限定詞 / 代名詞A2

釋義

譬如

舉例說明

used to introduce one or more specific examples of the general kind of person or thing you are talking about — for example, 'fruits such as apples and oranges' gives apples and oranges as examples of fruit.

例句

Large animals, such as elephants and whales, need a lot of space to live.

大型動物，譬如大象和鯨魚，需要很大的活動空間。

such as + noun phrase for giving examples

Some fruits, such as oranges and lemons, contain a lot of vitamin C.

有些水果，例如柳橙和檸檬，含有大量的維生素C。

同義詞

like
more conversational; 'fruits like apples' but can also mean 'similar to'
for example
used at the start of a sentence or clause; 'for example, apples are a good source of fibre'
including
implies a partial list; 'fruits including apples and oranges'

文法句型

such as + noun phrase

noun phrase + such as + noun phrase

用法筆記

Do not use a comma after 'such as' — it introduces the examples directly. 'Such as' differs from 'like' in that 'such as' is preferred for giving actual examples, while 'like' can also be used for comparisons.

常見錯誤

❌Fruits such as, apples and oranges are healthy.

✅Fruits such as apples and oranges are healthy.

💡Do not put a comma after 'such as.'

7.限定詞 / 代名詞B2

釋義

此等

用於連結名詞與後面的描述子句

used to connect a noun or situation to a following clause (with 'that' or 'as') that explains what particular kind of person, thing, or situation is meant — for example, saying the problem was such that nobody could solve it identifies the type of problem by linking it to the result.

例句

Ayesha received such glowing praise from her boss that she asked for a promotion.

Ayesha 從主管那裡得到了此等高度的讚美，於是請求升遷。

such + noun + that-clause for linking to a describing result

The traffic was such that Dario reached the airport only two minutes before take-off.

交通就是這般擁擠，Dario 在起飛前僅剩兩分鐘才趕到機場。

同義詞

like
more conversational; 'a sound like I had never heard' instead of 'a sound such as I had never heard'
of the sort
more formal; 'an event of the sort that happens only once'

反義詞

unlike
direct opposite; 'a feeling unlike any I had known'

文法句型

such + noun + that-clause

such + noun + as + clause

noun + such as + clause

such as to + infinitive

用法筆記

Distinguish from sense 1 (SO GREAT): sense 1 emphasizes extreme degree with a that-clause of result ('such a hot day that...'), while this sense identifies the kind or type and connects it to a defining or descriptive clause. More common in formal and literary writing than in everyday conversation.

常見錯誤

❌It was such a complicated system, that few people understood it.

✅It was such a complicated system that few people understood it.

💡Do not place a comma before 'that' in a 'such...that' construction.

8.限定詞 / 代名詞B2

釋義

僅有的；微薄

以固定片語表示數量有限或品質不佳

placed after a noun in the fixed phrase 'such as it is' (or 'such as they are') to show that what you are talking about is not very good, not enough, or not impressive — for example, calling the free breakfast 'such as it was' means it was very simple or small.

例句

The free breakfast at the hostel, such as it was, could not fill a hungry teenager.

青年旅館的免費早餐，就僅有那樣了，連一個餓著的青少年都吃不飽。

noun + such as it was for conceding limited quality

Eli knew some French, such as it was, from a phone app he used on the bus.

Eli 會一點法文，就那麼一點而已，都是靠他搭公車時用手機應用程式學的。

同義詞

whatever there is of it
fuller, more explicit phrase; 'whatever help there was, it arrived too late'
meagre
adjective to describe the noun instead; 'the meagre breakfast did not fill anyone'

文法句型

noun + such as it is

noun + such as they are

noun + such as there is/are

用法筆記

Always appears in the fixed formula 'noun + such as it is / such as they are.' The verb form agrees with the noun: 'such as it is' for singular and 'such as they are' for plural. The tone is often dismissive, apologetic, or modest. This structure is more common in British English than American English.

常見錯誤

❌His essay, such as it was, was short.' (weak because it just states a fact)

✅His essay, such as it was, barely reached the minimum length for the assignment.

💡The construction should signal limited quality, not just describe the noun.

1.前限定詞B1

釋義

這麼

放在a/an+形名之前加強語氣

placed before 'a' or 'an' plus an adjective and noun to make the speaker's feeling or reaction sound stronger.

例句

Naoko had such a busy week that she barely slept.

Naoko 度過了非常忙碌的一週，幾乎沒怎麼睡覺。

such + a/an + adj + noun + that + clause for result

It was such a cold morning that Sofia wore three layers.

那天早上非常冷，Sofia 穿了三層衣服。

同義詞

so
used before an adjective without a following noun: 'It was so cold.'
that
informal, used before an adjective: 'I did not know it was that big.'

文法句型

such + a/an + (adj) + noun

such + a/an + (adj) + noun + that + clause

用法筆記

Frequently used in the pattern 'such a/an + adjective + noun + that + clause' to express a result.

常見錯誤

❌It was such beautiful day.

✅It was such a beautiful day.

💡After 'such' used for emphasis, you need 'a' or 'an' before a singular countable noun.

2.前限定詞B1

釋義

這類；此類

指前文提到的那類複數或不可數事物

used before a plural or uncountable noun to refer to a category of people or things that both speaker and listener already have in mind from what was just said — like saying 'such antiques are valuable' after mentioning an old grandfather clock, without pointing to a specific item or introducing a new type.

例句

Gabriel loves spicy Thai food, and such dishes remind him of his travels.

Gabriel 喜歡辛辣的泰國菜，這類料理讓他想起旅行時光。

such + noun referring back to mentioned category

The old library had thousands of rare books, and such places need care and funding.

那間老圖書館藏有上千本珍本書籍，這類地方需要用心維護與經費。

同義詞

like that
more conversational: 'I like music like that.'
of that sort
slightly more formal

文法句型

such + (adj) + noun

用法筆記

Usually refers back to a category of people or things already mentioned in the same or an earlier sentence.

常見錯誤

❌I like cats. Such cats are cute.

✅I like cats. Such animals make great pets.

💡'Such' in this sense refers to the general type, not a specific instance.

3.前限定詞B1

釋義

比如說

引出例子

used with 'as' to introduce one or more examples of the type of person or thing you mean.

例句

Faisal enjoys card games such as poker and bridge.

Faisal 喜歡玩撲克牌和橋牌這類紙牌遊戲。

such as + game examples

You will need basic tools such as a hammer, screws, and a measuring tape.

你需要基本工具，比如說錘子、螺絲和捲尺。

同義詞

for example
can begin a new sentence; more formal
like
informal: 'big cats like lions'
for instance
formal, often begins a new sentence

文法句型

such as + noun phrase

noun phrase + such as + examples

常見錯誤

❌She likes fruits such like apples.

✅She likes fruits such as apples.

💡The correct phrase is 'such as', not 'such like'.

1.代名詞B1

釋義

此類

指前述的同類人或事物

used as a pronoun to point back to an individual or item of a type that was just described, especially in the phrase 'as such', meaning 'in that role or capacity'.

例句

Christopher is the team leader, and as such, he must approve all new ideas.

Christopher 是團隊隊長，因此，他必須批准所有新想法。

pattern: as such (referring back to a role)

The boxes were labeled fragile, and as such, the movers handled them with great care.

那些箱子標示為易碎品，因此搬運工人都非常小心地處理。

文法句型

as such

用法筆記

The phrase 'as such' needs a clear antecedent — a previously stated role, description, or category that 'such' refers back to. This pattern is common in formal writing but less frequent in everyday conversation.

常見錯誤

❌He was the manager, and so, he made the rules.

✅He was the manager, and as such, he made the rules.

💡'as such' means 'in that capacity', while 'so' means 'therefore' and changes the meaning.

2.代名詞B1

釋義

此

指前述的事實或情況

used at the start of a sentence or clause to refer to a fact, situation, or quality that was just stated or implied, often in an inverted pattern like 'Such is…' or 'Such were…'.

例句

Such was her kindness that everyone in the village knew her name.

她如此善良，村子裡每個人都知道她的名字。

inverted pattern: Such + be + subject + that-clause

Such are the rules of the game, and all players must follow them without question.

比賽規則就是如此，所有選手都必須遵守。

文法句型

Such + be + subject

such...that

用法筆記

In this inverted pattern, 'such' is followed by a form of 'be' and then the subject. This structure is formal and used for emphasis. The 'such…that' pattern (as in example 1 and 5) is also common in formal writing.

常見錯誤

❌Such the problem is that no one agrees.

✅Such is the problem that no one agrees.

💡When 'such' starts a sentence, it requires subject-verb inversion with 'be'.

3.代名詞B1

釋義

之類

指同類的人或事物

used after a list of examples to mean 'and other things or people of the same general type'.

例句

The backpack contained a map, snacks, a compass, and such for the hike.

背包裡裝了地圖、零食、指南針之類的登山用品。

collocation: and such (end of a list)

Yara packed clothes, shoes, books, and such for her long trip overseas.

Yara 為她的長途海外旅行打包了衣服、鞋子、書籍等物品。

同義詞

and the like
more formal than 'and such'; used in academic writing
and so on
neutral register, equally common in speech and writing
et cetera
formal borrowing from Latin, mainly in written English

文法句型

and such

or such

用法筆記

This sense is more informal than 'and the like' or 'such as'. It is used at the end of a list, never at the beginning. In more formal writing, 'and so on', 'and the like', or 'among others' are preferred.

常見錯誤

❌I bought bread, milk, and a such.

✅I bought bread, milk, and such.

💡When 'such' means 'similar things', do not add an article before it.

such

such — 名詞

1. used after 'as' to show that you mean something strictly according to the defini

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

such — 形容詞

1. used to point to that exact kind of person or thing, usually one just described

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

2. to a degree or extent that is specified by a following clause — used to link a s

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

3. used in formal comments to refer back to that whole type of behaviour, event, or

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

4. used before a noun to emphasize that someone or something has an extreme quality

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

5. used to introduce examples that belong to the same group or category as the thin

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

6. used as a placeholder for a specific but unnamed person, thing, time, or amount

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

such — 副詞

1. placed before an adjective that comes before a noun to indicate that the quality

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

2. used before a noun to say that something is particularly true or strongly applie

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

3. used to describe the way something is done, arranged, or happens, linking an act

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

such — 限定詞 / 代名詞

1. placed before a noun to say that something has an extreme level of a quality — f

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

2. pointing back to a type of person or thing that was mentioned in an earlier sent

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

3. used when the speaker is about to state or explain what kind of person or thing

文法句型

用法筆記

4. placed after a short list of things to show that other things of the same genera

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

5. placed after a noun to show that you are using a word or phrase in its full, exa

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

6. used to introduce one or more specific examples of the general kind of person or

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

7. used to connect a noun or situation to a following clause (with 'that' or 'as')

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

8. placed after a noun in the fixed phrase 'such as it is' (or 'such as they are')

文法句型

用法筆記

常見錯誤

such — 前限定詞

1. placed before 'a' or 'an' plus an adjective and noun to make the speaker's feeli

文法句型

用法筆記