immunity
/ɪˈmjuːnəti/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ (ame, ipa) · /i-ˈmyü-nə-tē/ (ame, mw)
immunity — 名詞
1. When your body can fight off a specific illness for a period of time, or when th
免疫力；豁免權
不受疾病感染或法律追究的保護
When your body can fight off a specific illness for a period of time, or when the law says you cannot be arrested or sued for something.
After Mei-Lin received her second vaccine dose, her body developed strong immunity to the virus.
Mei-Lin 接種第二劑疫苗後，身體對該病毒產生了強大的免疫力。
immunity + to + [disease]
The health department launched a campaign to build herd immunity against measles across the island.
衛生部門發起了一場運動，要在全島建立對麻疹的群體免疫力。
herd immunity against [disease]
Since Dmitri worked at the UN, he claimed diplomatic immunity from local prosecution.
因為 Dmitri 在聯合國工作，所以他主張享有外交豁免權，不受當地起訴。
To encourage her full testimony, the judge offered the witness immunity from prosecution.
為了鼓勵她作完整證詞，法官給予該證人起訴豁免權。
Babies gain natural immunity from their mother's milk during the first few months.
嬰兒在出生後頭幾個月，可以從母乳中獲得一些天然的免疫力。
- protection
broader, less formal; can apply to any kind of safety
- resistance
focuses on the body's active defence; less common for legal contexts
- exemption
specific to legal or tax contexts; suggests being officially excused from a rule
- indemnity
formal, often insurance-related; suggests financial protection against loss
- susceptibility
the condition of being easily affected by a disease or influence
- vulnerability
the quality of being open to harm or attack
文法句型
immunity + to + [disease]
immunity + from + [legal process]
immunity + against + [disease]
用法筆記
Use to before the thing your body fights (to a disease, to a virus). Use from before a legal consequence (from prosecution, from arrest). The noun is usually uncountable but may take an article when modified: a strong immunity, a natural immunity.
常見錯誤
2. A condition in which a person or thing stays unharmed or unchanged by something
不受影響
不受負面事物影響的狀態
A condition in which a person or thing stays unharmed or unchanged by something upsetting, unpleasant, or damaging, even though it would normally have a bad effect.
Dmitri built immunity to the constant noise from the construction site outside his window.
Dmitri 已經對窗外建築工地的持續噪音產生了免疫力。
build up immunity to [annoyance]
After years of public speaking, Amara developed a strange immunity to stage fright and nervousness.
公開演講多年後，Amara 對怯場和緊張產生了一種奇特的免疫力。
develop immunity to [psychological effect]
The expensive watch had a special coating that gave it immunity against everyday scratches.
這隻昂貴的手錶經過特殊塗層處理，對日常刮痕幾乎不受影響。
The luxury brand's loyal customers give it a natural immunity from sudden drops in sales.
這個奢華品牌的忠實客戶讓它在銷售突然下滑時能自然不受影響。
Fatima watched the argument with strange immunity, as if angry words could not reach her.
Fatima 以一種奇特的、完全不受影響的態度看著爭吵，彷彿那些氣話根本碰不到她。
- resilience
focuses on the ability to recover quickly from difficulties
- insusceptibility
formal, scientific; suggests something has no effect at all
- invulnerability
stronger tone; suggests complete safety from harm
- susceptibility
the condition of being easily affected or influenced
- vulnerability
the quality of being open to harm or emotional pain
文法句型
immunity + to + [effect/influence]
immunity + against + [damage]
用法筆記
This sense is metaphorical, describing emotional, social, or physical resilience rather than literal biological or legal protection. The most common preposition is to (immunity to criticism, immunity to pressure), but against also appears for physical damage.