stocks
stocks — 名詞
1. a supply of products or materials that a shop, warehouse, or business keeps read
庫存；存貨
商店或企業備有的貨品
a supply of products or materials that a shop, warehouse, or business keeps ready for customers to buy or for workers to use
The supermarket carries a large stock of organic vegetables from local farms.
這家超市從當地農場進貨，庫存了大量有機蔬菜。
stock of + noun for supplies
When the toy store ran out of stock before Christmas, many parents were disappointed.
玩具店的存貨在聖誕節前就賣光了，很多家長都很失望。
run out of stock
The department store keeps a large stock of towels, bed sheets, and kitchen tools in its back warehouse.
這家百貨公司在後方倉庫裡庫存了大量的毛巾、床單和廚房工具。
Our stock of winter coats sold out within the first week of cold weather.
我們店裡冬季外套的庫存在寒流來臨的第一週就賣完了。
The bookstore checked its computer system to see whether the novel was in stock.
書店查了一下電腦系統，看看這本小說是否有庫存。
文法句型
stock of + noun
常見錯誤
2. a share of ownership in a company that people can buy and sell; the total value
股票；股份
公司所有權的份額
a share of ownership in a company that people can buy and sell; the total value of shares a company has sold to investors
Aisha bought stock in a technology company and watched its value grow over five years.
Aisha 買了一家科技公司的股票，五年後看著它的價值不斷成長。
buy stock in [company]
The price of the company's stock dropped sharply after the product recall was announced.
產品召回消息公布後，該公司股價大幅下跌。
Many young investors now buy and sell stocks through mobile apps without a broker.
現在許多年輕投資人透過手機應用程式買賣股票，不需要經紀人。
Priya's financial advisor recommended a mix of stocks and bonds to reduce risk in her portfolio.
Priya 的理財顧問建議在投資組合中配置股票和債券來降低風險。
The stock exchange opened higher this morning after positive news about job growth.
受到就業成長好消息的激勵，今天早上股市開盤走高。
文法句型
stock + in/of + company
用法筆記
In American English, ‘stock’ (uncountable) is common for ownership in one company; ‘stocks’ (countable plural) is used when referring to shares of different companies. In British English, ‘shares’ is more common for this sense.
常見錯誤
3. a savoury liquid made by simmering meat, fish bones, or vegetables in water, use
高湯
熬煮肉骨或蔬菜的湯底
a savoury liquid made by simmering meat, fish bones, or vegetables in water, used as a base for soups, sauces, and stews
Amara simmered the chicken bones with carrots and celery to make a rich stock for noodle soup.
Amara 用雞骨頭加紅蘿蔔和芹菜熬煮出濃郁的高湯來做湯麵。
chicken stock for soup
When Nina made her Thai pumpkin soup, the recipe called for vegetable stock, but she just used water and it turned out fine.
Nina 做泰式南瓜濃湯時，食譜上說要用蔬菜高湯，但她只用水代替，結果味道也不錯。
Boris reduced the beef stock over low heat until it became a thick, flavourful sauce.
Boris 用小火將牛高湯收乾，直到變成濃稠美味的醬汁。
The restaurant makes its own fish stock every morning using fresh shrimp shells and herbs.
這家餐廳每天早上用新鮮蝦殼和香草自製魚高湯。
Chef Tanaka prefers homemade chicken stock over store-bought cubes because his grandmother's old recipe gives a much richer flavour.
田中主廚比較喜歡自製雞高湯，勝過市售的高湯塊，因為他祖母的老食譜味道更豐富。
- broth
similar but broth is typically seasoned and eaten on its own; stock is used as an ingredient
- bone broth
a modern term for stock cooked for a very long time
文法句型
chicken/beef/vegetable stock
用法筆記
Stock differs from broth in that stock is usually unsalted and made with bones, while broth is seasoned and made with meat. In everyday cooking, the two terms are often used interchangeably.
4. animals such as cows, sheep, pigs, or chickens that are kept on a farm for meat,
牲畜
農場飼養的動物
animals such as cows, sheep, pigs, or chickens that are kept on a farm for meat, milk, eggs, or wool
The farmer sold some of his stock at the monthly livestock market in town.
農夫在鎮上每月一次的牲畜市集賣掉了一些牲口。
During the drought, many ranchers had to reduce their stock because there was not enough grass.
乾旱期間，許多牧場主人因為牧草不足不得不減少牲畜數量。
reduce stock during drought
The Ito family keeps a small stock of goats and chickens on their farm in the countryside.
伊藤家在鄉下的農場裡養了一小群山羊和雞。
The vet visits the ranch every month to check the health of the breeding stock.
獸醫每個月都會來牧場檢查種畜的健康狀況。
文法句型
livestock
breeding stock
5. the level of popularity, trust, or respect that a person, group, or idea has amo
聲望；評價
個人或組織受歡迎的程度
the level of popularity, trust, or respect that a person, group, or idea has among others
The prime minister's stock with the public rose sharply after the new education policy was announced.
新的教育政策公布後，總理在民眾中的聲望大幅上升。
stock with [group] rises/falls
Ming's stock among her colleagues fell after she claimed credit for work the team had done together.
Ming 把團隊的工作成果歸功於自己之後，在同事之中的評價就降低了。
The company's stock in the eyes of investors dropped when the quarterly losses were reported.
季度虧損報告出爐後，這家公司在投資人眼中的評價一落千丈。
After winning the championship, the young tennis player's stock rose dramatically worldwide.
贏得錦標賽後，這位年輕網球選手的聲望在全球迅速攀升。
- standing
similar meaning; often used for social status or rank
- reputation
more general; stock implies a current, changeable evaluation
文法句型
stock + with + person/group
stock + verb + rise/fall
用法筆記
This sense is often used with verbs like ‘rise/fall’ and prepositions like ‘with/among.’ It describes how well regarded someone is, not a financial holding.
常見錯誤
6. money lent to a government in exchange for regular fixed interest payments over
公債
政府發行的固定利息證券
money lent to a government in exchange for regular fixed interest payments over a set period
Lin's grandfather lent money to the government through bonds that paid him five per cent interest each year.
Lin 的祖父透過公債借錢給政府，每年獲得百分之五的利息。
government stock + fixed interest
To fund new public hospitals and schools, the British treasury issued government bonds — known as 'stocks' in the UK.
為了籌措興建公立醫院和學校的資金，英國財政部發行了政府公債——在英國稱為 'stocks'。
Many retirees prefer safe government stocks over riskier company shares.
許多退休人士喜歡安全的政府公債，勝過風險較高的公司股票。
Ahmed checked the financial website each morning to track the market price of his British government bonds.
Ahmed 每天早上查看財經網站，追蹤他持有的英國政府公債的市場價格。
文法句型
government stock
stock + in/of + country
用法筆記
This is primarily a British English usage. Outside the UK, ‘government bonds’ or ‘gilts’ are more common terms.
7. the family line, ancestry, or group of people that a person or animal belongs to
血統；家世
家族淵源或祖先背景
the family line, ancestry, or group of people that a person or animal belongs to; a person's inherited background
Aisha comes from Irish stock, with grandparents who emigrated from Dublin in the nineteen-fifties.
Aisha 出身愛爾蘭血統，祖父母在1950年代從都柏林移民過來。
from [nationality] stock
The dog is of mixed stock, but its calm temperament suggests some Labrador ancestry.
這隻狗是混種血統，但牠沉穩的性情暗示有一些拉布拉多的基因。
The vineyard's grapevines are of French stock, brought over from Burgundy more than a century ago.
這座葡萄園的葡萄樹源自法國品系，一個多世紀前從勃艮第引進。
The prizewinning show dogs are of German and Belgian stock, with pedigrees stretching back over thirty years.
這些得獎的參展犬擁有德國和比利時血統，譜系可追溯超過三十年。
文法句型
of + adj + stock
from ... stock
用法筆記
Often used with an adjective describing nationality or origin. Can sound dated when applied to people; use with care.
8. the part of a rifle or other long gun that is held against the shoulder for supp
槍托
抵肩射擊的槍支手柄
the part of a rifle or other long gun that is held against the shoulder for support when firing
Takeshi pressed the rifle stock firmly against his shoulder before aiming at the target.
Takeshi 瞄準目標之前，把步槍的槍托緊緊抵在肩膀上。
rifle stock pressed against shoulder
The wooden stock of the old hunting rifle was worn smooth from years of use in the forest.
這把老獵槍的木製槍托經過多年的山林使用已經磨得光滑。
The soldier checked that the stock of his weapon was tightly secured before the training exercise.
士兵在訓練開始前檢查了武器槍托是否牢固鎖緊。
Ingrid replaced the old cracked stock on her shotgun with a new synthetic one that was much lighter.
Ingrid 把她獵槍上那條老舊破裂的槍托換成更輕的合成材質槍托。
- butt
specifically the rear end that rests against the shoulder
- shoulder stock
technical term for the whole supporting part
文法句型
rifle stock
gun stock
9. a wooden structure used in the past to hold a person's feet and sometimes hands,
足枷；木枷
古代鎖住犯人的木製刑具
a wooden structure used in the past to hold a person's feet and sometimes hands, locking them in place as a public punishment
In medieval times, petty criminals were often put in the stocks in the town square for several hours.
在中世紀，輕微的罪犯常被鎖在廣場上的足枷裡好幾個小時。
put in the stocks
The museum has a replica of the stocks that visitors can sit in to imagine what the punishment felt like.
博物館裡有一座足枷的複製品，參觀者可以坐進去感受一下這種刑罰。
Passers-by would sometimes throw rotten fruit at prisoners locked in the stocks.
路人有時會向鎖在足枷裡的囚犯丟爛水果。
The old stocks in the village square were last used in the early nineteenth century.
村莊廣場上的那座古老足枷在十九世紀初之後就再也沒有使用過。
- pillory
similar device but also holds the head and hands, not just the feet
文法句型
in the stocks
put someone in the stocks
用法筆記
Always used in the plural form ‘stocks’ even when referring to a single device. This is a historical punishment, not used in modern legal systems.
10. a garden plant with clusters of small, sweet-smelling flowers in colours such as
紫羅蘭花
一種有香味的園藝花卉
a garden plant with clusters of small, sweet-smelling flowers in colours such as pink, purple, and white
The garden shop recommended planting sweet-scented stocks — flowers with tall spikes of purple, pink, or white — along the sunny side of the house.
園藝店建議種植有甜香的紫羅蘭——一種開著紫色、粉紅或白色長穗花朵的花卉——沿著房子有陽光的那一側種植。
For the wedding bouquet, the florist chose white stocks — a type of flower with clusters of small, fragrant blooms — together with red roses.
婚禮捧花中，花藝師選擇了白色的紫羅蘭——一種開著簇狀小花、帶有香氣的植物——搭配紅玫瑰。
Night-scented stocks are popular in old-fashioned English gardens because they release a strong, sweet perfume in the evening.
夜香紫羅蘭在傳統英式花園中很受歡迎，因為它們在傍晚時分會散發出濃郁的甜香。
My grandmother grew pink and lavender stocks near the kitchen window every year; their spicy scent reminded her of her childhood home in Devon.
我奶奶每年都在廚房窗邊種植粉紅色和淡紫色的紫羅蘭；它們的辛辣香氣讓她想起了在德文郡的童年家園。
- Matthiola
the botanical name; not used in everyday gardening talk
文法句型
stock(s) (plant name)
用法筆記
The scientific name is Matthiola. In British English, this plant is commonly called ‘stock’ or ‘night-scented stock’; American English also uses ‘gillyflower’ occasionally.
11. a strong framework of timbers that supports a ship or boat while it is being bui
造船台
支撐船隻建造的木架
a strong framework of timbers that supports a ship or boat while it is being built or repaired
The new fishing boat sat on the stocks at the shipyard for six months before its launch.
這艘新漁船在造船廠的造船台上待了六個月才下水。
on the stocks (shipbuilding)
Workers carefully adjusted the wooden stocks to keep the hull balanced during construction.
工人們仔細調整木製造船台，讓船體在建造過程中保持平衡。
The old harbour had stocks where wooden ships were built by hand two centuries ago.
舊港口裡有造船台，兩個世紀前人們在那裡用手工建造木船。
Visitors to the maritime museum can see the stocks used to repair sailing ships in the eighteen-hundreds.
參觀海事博物館的遊客可以看到19世紀用來修理帆船的造船台。
文法句型
on the stocks
用法筆記
Usually found in the fixed phrase ‘on the stocks,’ which literally means ‘under construction’ and is sometimes used figuratively for projects in progress.
stocks — 動詞
1. when a shop or business keeps a supply of a particular product so that customers
備有；進貨
商店備有某商品供顧客購買
when a shop or business keeps a supply of a particular product so that customers can buy it when they want
The corner shop stocks fresh bread every morning from the local bakery in town.
那家轉角的商店每天早上都會從鎮上的麵包店進貨新鮮的麵包。
stock + product (fresh bread)
We do not stock that brand of paint, but we can order it for you if you wish.
我們沒有庫存那個品牌的油漆，但如果需要的話可以幫您訂購。
The hardware store stocks over two hundred different types of screws and nails.
那家五金行庫存超過兩百種不同的螺絲和釘子。
The pharmacy also stocks vitamins, sun cream, and other health products near the front counter.
那間藥局也在靠近櫃檯的地方備有維生素、防曬乳和其他保健產品。
Does the supermarket stock gluten-free pasta on its special diets aisle?
那家超市在特殊飲食區有庫存無麩質義大利麵嗎？
文法句型
stock + noun (product)
stock + noun (shop)
常見錯誤
2. to put a supply of items into a cupboard, shelf, refrigerator, or other storage
補滿；裝填
將物品放入儲藏空間備用
to put a supply of items into a cupboard, shelf, refrigerator, or other storage area
Every Sunday, Wei stocks the refrigerator with enough vegetables and meat for the whole week.
每個星期日，偉都會把冰箱補滿足夠整週吃的蔬菜和肉類。
stock [place] with [items]
The shop assistant stocked the shelves with new books just before the weekend rush.
店員在週末人潮前將新書放上書架。
Before the camping trip, they stocked the car boot with tents, sleeping bags, and cooking equipment.
露營出發前，他們在後車廂塞滿了帳篷、睡袋和炊具。
Wei stocked up on canned food and bottled water before the big storm arrived.
在暴風雨來臨前，偉囤積了罐頭食品和瓶裝水。
The kitchen was fully stocked with pots, pans, and utensils for the cooking class.
廚房裡備齊了烹飪課所需的鍋碗瓢盆和器具。
- empty
the opposite action — removing everything from a storage space
文法句型
stock + place + with + noun
stock up on + noun
用法筆記
The phrasal verb ‘stock up’ is very common and means to buy a large quantity of something for future use.
stocks — 形容詞
1. used or done so many times that it has become boring and lacks any fresh or orig
老套的；陳腐的
使用次數過多而缺乏新意的
used or done so many times that it has become boring and lacks any fresh or original quality
The politician gave only stock answers to every question from the reporters at the press conference.
那位政治人物在記者會上對每一個問題都只給出老套的回應。
stock answer / stock response
The movie relies on stock characters like the brave hero and the evil villain with a dark plan.
那部電影使用了老套的角色設定，像是勇敢的英雄和心懷邪惡的反派。
stock characters
Fatima's email ended with the stock phrase "please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions."
法蒂瑪的電子郵件以「如有任何問題，請隨時與我們聯繫」這句老套的話作結。
The training manual is full of stock excuses that customer service staff are told to use.
訓練手冊裡充滿了客服人員被要求使用的老套藉口。
Instead of offering stock advice, the career coach gave each student a personalised plan suited to their goals.
職涯教練沒有給出老套的建議，而是為每位學生量身打造了適合他們的個人計劃。
文法句型
stock + noun (response/answer/phrase/character)
用法筆記
Used only before a noun (attributive). Common combinations include ‘stock answer,’ ‘stock response,’ ‘stock phrase,’ and ‘stock character.’