attack
/əˈtæk/ (bre, ipa) · /əˈtæk/ (ame, ipa) · /ə-ˈtak/ (ame, mw)
attack — 動詞
1. to use physical force against a person, place, or army in order to injure them o
攻擊
以暴力傷害或擊敗
to use physical force against a person, place, or army in order to injure them or win a fight
Rebels attacked the army camp before sunrise on Monday.
叛軍在星期一日出前攻擊了軍營。
attack + place
Two men attacked a taxi driver outside the train station.
兩名男子在火車站外攻擊一名計程車司機。
attack + person
Enemy planes attacked the bridge after the town lost power.
城裡停電後，敵機攻擊了那座橋。
The dog suddenly attacked Leo when he opened the gate.
Leo 一開門，那隻狗就突然攻擊他。
文法句型
attack somebody
attack something
attack
用法筆記
Often takes the target directly as its object. Distinguish from sense 5: this sense is about violent force against a person, place, or enemy, not energetic work on a task.
常見錯誤
2. to speak or write against someone or something in a very forceful way
批判
強烈批評人或事
to speak or write against someone or something in a very forceful way
The minister attacked the report in a tense TV interview.
那位部長在緊張的電視訪談中抨擊這份報告。
attack + report
Several writers attacked the company for hiding test results.
幾位作家抨擊那家公司隱瞞測試結果。
attack somebody for + -ing
In her speech, Dana attacked the policy as unfair.
Dana 在演說中抨擊這項政策不公平。
The paper attacked city leaders after the school budget cuts.
學校預算遭刪後，那家報紙抨擊了市府領導人。
文法句型
attack somebody
attack something
attack somebody for something
用法筆記
Common in news, politics, and argument. The object is usually a person, plan, report, or public action rather than a physical target.
常見錯誤
3. if a disease, chemical, or insect attacks part of a body or object, it starts ha
侵蝕；侵害
病害或化學物開始損傷
if a disease, chemical, or insect attacks part of a body or object, it starts harming it
The acid attacked the metal pipe under the kitchen sink.
酸液侵蝕了廚房水槽下方的金屬管。
subject is a chemical
Diabetes can attack the eyes if treatment starts too late.
若治療開始得太晚，糖尿病可能會侵害眼睛。
disease attacks body part
Salt air attacked the paint on boats near the harbor.
帶鹽分的空氣侵蝕了港邊船隻上的油漆。
Tiny insects attacked the leaves of every bean plant.
細小的昆蟲侵害了每一株豆苗的葉子。
- damage
broader and does not suggest a harmful process beginning or spreading
- eat away at
highlights slow damage over time, especially to surfaces
- affect
much weaker and less clearly harmful
文法句型
something attacks something
disease attacks body part
用法筆記
The subject is usually something destructive such as a disease, rust, salt, acid, or insects. Distinguish from sense 1: here there is damage, but no human act of violence is implied.
4. in games such as football, to go toward the other side and look for a chance to
進攻
朝對方推進求得分
in games such as football, to go toward the other side and look for a chance to score
After halftime, Brazil attacked down the left side again.
中場休息後，巴西隊又從左路進攻。
attack down + side
Our team attacked early and won three corners in ten minutes.
我們球隊一開賽就進攻，十分鐘內贏得三次角球。
With two minutes left, the home side attacked bravely.
剩下兩分鐘時，主隊仍勇敢進攻。
City attacked from the wing, but the cross was poor.
City 隊從邊路進攻，但傳中品質很差。
- press forward
stresses moving up the field rather than the scoring attempt itself
- go forward
simpler and less tactical
- push on
can be used more generally and is less tied to sport
文法句型
attack
attack down the wing
attack from the left
用法筆記
Used without a direct object in sports reports. It often appears with words showing direction, such as down, through, from, or on the break.
常見錯誤
5. to begin working on a problem or job, or to start eating food, with a lot of ene
著手；大吃
賣力處理或開始猛吃
to begin working on a problem or job, or to start eating food, with a lot of energy and speed
Mia attacked the math problem with a fresh sheet of paper.
Mia 拿著一張新紙，著手解這道數學題。
attack + problem
Fire crews attacked the blaze from both sides of the road.
消防隊從道路兩側著手撲救這場火。
attack + difficult situation
After practice, the boys attacked the noodles in silence.
練習結束後，那群男孩安靜地大吃麵條。
Engineers attacked the leak before more water reached the shops.
工程師在更多水流進店家前就著手處理漏水。
- tackle
the closest neutral word for starting difficult work
- get stuck into
informal and very close in energetic tone
- dig into
often used for food or for beginning detailed work
文法句型
attack a problem
attack a fire
attack food
用法筆記
The object is usually a task, problem, fire, leak, or meal. Distinguish from sense 1: the tone is energetic rather than violent, and the target is usually not a person or enemy.
常見錯誤
attack — 名詞
1. a violent event in which someone tries to hurt people, damage property, or fight
襲擊；攻擊
以暴力傷人或破壞的行動
a violent event in which someone tries to hurt people, damage property, or fight an enemy
Police are investigating last night's attack on the corner store.
警方正在調查昨晚對街角商店的襲擊。
attack on + place
Three workers died in the attack near the border road.
那場發生在邊境道路附近的攻擊造成三名工人死亡。
The embassy closed after an attack damaged its front gate.
使館前門在一次襲擊中受損後，已經關閉。
The village prepared shelters after the first air attack.
第一次空襲後，村子開始準備避難所。
文法句型
attack on somebody
attack on something
用法筆記
Often followed by on when the target is named. This is the main physical-violence noun sense of attack.
2. a harsh public statement, article, or argument against someone or something
抨擊
強烈的批評言論
a harsh public statement, article, or argument against someone or something
Her article was an attack on the judge's recent decision.
她的文章是在批判那位法官最近的判決。
attack on + decision
During the debate, Sam launched a personal attack on Lee.
辯論期間，Sam 對 Lee 發動人身抨擊。
launch an attack on somebody
The ad drew criticism for its unfair attack on teachers.
那則廣告因為對教師的不公平批判而受到批評。
His speech became an attack on the whole education system.
他的演講變成對整個教育體系的批判。
- criticism
broader and can be mild, not always hostile
- denunciation
more formal and often moral or political
- slam
informal noun in journalism for a very harsh public criticism
文法句型
attack on somebody
attack on something
用法筆記
Usually refers to criticism made in words, writing, or media. Distinguish from noun sense 1: no physical violence is involved here.
3. a brief time when someone suddenly becomes ill, often quite badly
發作
突然短暫的一陣病痛
a brief time when someone suddenly becomes ill, often quite badly
Grandma had an attack of flu and stayed in bed.
奶奶流感發作，只好躺在床上。
attack of + illness
Ben left work early after an attack of dizziness.
Ben 頭暈發作後提早下班。
attack of + symptom
During the flight, Omar suffered an attack of asthma.
搭機途中，Omar 氣喘發作。
The baby woke again after an attack of coughing.
那個嬰兒又因一陣咳嗽醒了過來。
- recovery
means becoming well again
文法句型
attack of something
用法筆記
Usually appears in the pattern attack of + illness or symptom. It often describes a sudden episode rather than a long continuing sickness.
4. a short time when a feeling, wish, or condition suddenly takes control of you
突然湧上
情緒、欲望或反應忽然出現
a short time when a feeling, wish, or condition suddenly takes control of you
At the cliff edge, Nora felt an attack of panic.
站在懸崖邊時，Nora 突然湧上一陣恐慌。
attack of + emotion
One attack of jealousy ruined their quiet dinner together.
一陣嫉妒毀了他們安靜的晚餐。
After the phone call, Max had an attack of laughter.
接完那通電話後，Max 突然笑成一團。
The class sat still during Emma's attack of stage fright.
Emma 一陣怯場時，全班都安靜地坐著。
- calm
suggests a steady controlled state
文法句型
attack of something
用法筆記
Also follows attack of + noun, but the noun names a feeling or reaction rather than an illness. Distinguish from noun sense 3 by checking whether the episode is emotional or medical.
5. the group of players on a team whose main job is to score
攻擊線
隊中負責得分的球員
the group of players on a team whose main job is to score
Our attack looked stronger after the new striker arrived.
新前鋒加入後，我們的攻擊線看起來更強。
team's attack = attacking players
The coach rested the whole attack before Saturday's final.
教練在星期六決賽前讓整條攻擊線休息。
Without Kim, the team's attack lost speed and width.
少了 Kim，這支球隊的攻擊線失去速度和寬度。
Spain's attack pressed high from the opening whistle.
西班牙隊的攻擊線從開賽哨聲響起就高位壓迫。
- forward line
a more specific term for the front attacking players
- front line
can name the leading players, especially in football writing
文法句型
team's attack
用法筆記
This sense names the attacking players as a unit. Distinguish from noun sense 6, which is about attacking play or pressure during the game, not the players themselves.
6. a time in a game when a team pushes forward and tries to score or get ahead
攻勢
比賽中主動搶分的壓力
a time in a game when a team pushes forward and tries to score or get ahead
The home side kept up the attack for most of the half.
主隊在大半場時間裡都維持著攻勢。
keep up the attack
One quick attack gave the visitors their winning goal.
一次快速攻勢替客隊帶來致勝球。
quick attack
Under heavy rain, neither team could mount much of an attack.
大雨之下，兩隊都無法組織太多攻勢。
On the final hill, Marta launched an attack and broke away.
最後一個坡段上，Marta 發動攻勢並成功拉開差距。
文法句型
keep up the attack
launch an attack
用法筆記
Usually refers to action during play, not to the attacking players themselves. It can be used in football, hockey, cycling, and similar sports.
7. a planned effort to stop, reduce, or deal with a serious problem
打擊行動
為解決問題而展開的行動
a planned effort to stop, reduce, or deal with a serious problem
The city began a new attack on illegal parking downtown.
市府開始對市中心違停展開新的打擊行動。
attack on + problem
Doctors called for a stronger attack on childhood obesity.
醫師們呼籲對兒童肥胖展開更強力的打擊行動。
The group's attack on plastic waste started in small beach towns.
該團體對塑膠垃圾的打擊行動從幾個海邊小鎮開始。
Parliament backed an attack on long hospital waiting times.
國會支持對冗長的醫院等候時間展開打擊行動。
文法句型
attack on something
用法筆記
Usually appears with on plus a social problem, cost, or difficulty. The idea is active effort, not violence.
8. the damage caused when disease, insects, chemicals, or similar things start harm
侵害；損害
病蟲害、鏽蝕或風化造成的破壞
the damage caused when disease, insects, chemicals, or similar things start harming something
The crop showed clear signs of attack by small green insects.
這片作物明顯出現了小綠蟲侵害的跡象。
attack by + cause
The walls crumbled after years of attack by salt air.
這些牆面多年受含鹽空氣侵蝕，後來開始剝落。
attack by + damaging force
Doctors watched for signs of nerve attack after the bite.
被咬之後，醫師密切觀察是否有神經受侵害的跡象。
Lab tests measured the attack of rust on the bridge cables.
實驗室測量了橋梁纜線的鏽蝕情況。
- protection
means being kept safe from harmful effects
- repair
focuses on fixing damage after it happens
文法句型
attack by something
attack of something
用法筆記
Usually appears with by or of to name the damaging cause. Distinguish from noun sense 3: this sense is about harm to a thing or body part, not a person becoming suddenly ill.
attack — 形容詞
1. made for, planned for, or used in actions against an enemy
攻擊型
用於對敵發動攻擊
made for, planned for, or used in actions against an enemy
The army sent two attack helicopters over the river at dawn.
軍方在黎明時派出兩架攻擊型直升機飛越河面。
attack helicopter
Soldiers stored attack plans in a locked metal case.
士兵把攻擊計畫存放在上鎖的金屬箱裡。
attack plans
The base trained new crews for attack missions at sea.
基地訓練新機組人員執行海上攻擊任務。
Radar picked up several attack aircraft near the coast.
雷達偵測到海岸附近有數架攻擊型軍機。
- defensive
meant for protection rather than striking first
文法句型
attack helicopter
attack plan
attack mission
用法筆記
Usually comes before a noun and is strongly tied to military equipment, plans, or operations.
2. showing harsh and aggressive criticism, especially in public argument
抨擊性
帶有尖銳敵意批評
showing harsh and aggressive criticism, especially in public argument
The candidate ran an attack ad before the final debate.
那位候選人在最後一場辯論前投放了一支抨擊性廣告。
attack ad
Voters were tired of attack language on late-night talk shows.
選民已經厭倦深夜談話節目裡的抨擊性用語。
attack language
The meeting ended after three attack questions from reporters.
記者提出三個抨擊性問題後，會議就結束了。
Her post sounded like another attack piece against local nurses.
她的貼文聽起來像另一篇針對地方護理師的抨擊性文章。
- hostile
broader and can describe attitude, not just criticism
- aggressive
slightly wider in meaning and not always verbal
- negative
weaker and less sharp than attack in political or media use
- supportive
shows approval rather than hostile criticism
- fair
suggests balanced treatment instead of one-sided attack
文法句型
attack ad
attack language
attack question
用法筆記
Most often appears before nouns such as ad, line, question, or piece. Distinguish from adjective sense 1: this sense is about aggressive criticism, not military action.