lacking
lacking — 形容詞
1. Having too little or none of something that is expected, needed, or wanted.
不足的
缺少所需的事物
Having too little or none of something that is expected, needed, or wanted.
The new teacher was lacking in confidence during her first week at the school.
這位新老師在第一週教學時缺乏自信。
lacking in + noun (confidence)
Aunt Rosa tasted her soup and said it was lacking salt and pepper.
Aunt Rosa 嚐了一口湯，說湯裡缺少鹽和胡椒。
Their proposal is ambitious but lacking in practical details about the budget.
他們的提案雖然有野心，但缺乏關於預算的具體細節。
Many villages in the region are still lacking access to clean drinking water.
該地區的許多村莊仍然缺少乾淨的飲用水。
The young goalkeeper was skilful but clearly lacking experience during the regional finals.
這位年輕的守門員技術很好，但在地區總決賽時顯然缺乏經驗。
- abundant in
having plenty of something
- rich in
containing a large amount of a desired quality
文法句型
lacking in + noun
be lacking
用法筆記
Often used in the pattern 'lacking in + abstract noun' (e.g., lacking in confidence, lacking in detail). Can also take a direct noun object without 'in' (e.g., 'lacking experience').
常見錯誤
2. Completely absent or unavailable when needed; used to say that a particular qual
欠缺的
不存在或未出現的
Completely absent or unavailable when needed; used to say that a particular quality or thing does not exist in a place or situation.
After the storm, phone service was entirely lacking in the coastal town.
暴風雨過後，沿海小鎮完全缺乏電話通訊服務。
be entirely lacking
The hotel room was comfortable, but a basic phone charger was lacking.
飯店房間很舒適，但缺少基本的手機充電器。
Her apology felt hollow because any sign of real regret was lacking.
她的道歉聽起來很空洞，因為完全沒有任何懊悔的跡象。
The garden looked bare — flowers and greenery were completely lacking after the winter storms.
花園裡光禿禿的——冬季風暴過後，花草完全不見了。
Basic safety equipment was lacking in the old workshop, which worried the inspectors.
舊工廠裡缺乏基本的安全設備，這讓檢查人員很擔心。
- absent
more neutral and factual; commonly used for people as well as things
- missing
suggests something should be present but is not
- unavailable
focuses on inability to obtain or access
文法句型
be lacking
something is lacking
用法筆記
Unlike sense 1 ('short of'), this sense does not focus on quantity but on complete absence. The subject is usually the thing that is missing, not the person missing it.
常見錯誤
lacking — 動詞
1. To not have something that is needed or expected; to have too little of somethin
缺少
沒有所需或預期的事物
To not have something that is needed or expected; to have too little of something that is important.
The charity lacks the funds to continue its food programme beyond this month.
該慈善機構缺乏資金，無法將食物補助計畫延續到下個月之後。
lack + noun (funds)
At the wedding, the best man's toast lacked the warmth that the bride's family had expected.
在婚禮上，伴郎的祝酒詞缺乏新娘家人所期待的溫馨感。
The old building lacks a proper fire escape, which worries the safety officer.
這棟老舊建築缺少適當的防火逃生梯，這讓安全主管很擔憂。
Professor Kim's report lacks any reference to the 2023 study on climate effects.
Kim 教授的報告完全沒有提到 2023 年關於氣候影響的研究。
Though the team worked hard, they lacked the technical skills needed to finish the project on time.
雖然團隊很努力，但他們缺乏按時完成專案所需的技術能力。
- need
stronger; implies urgency or necessity
- be short of
more informal; often used for countable resources like money or time
- want
formal or literary; 'want for nothing' means have everything needed
文法句型
lack + noun
用法筆記
This is the base verb form 'lack.' The present participle 'lacking' is used in continuous tenses (e.g., 'is lacking'). Unlike the adjective 'lacking in,' the verb 'lack' takes a direct object without a preposition.
常見錯誤
lacking — 名詞
1. The condition or state of not having enough of something that is needed or desir
匱乏
不足或缺乏的狀態
The condition or state of not having enough of something that is needed or desirable.
The project failed due to a complete lack of planning and preparation.
該專案因為完全缺乏規劃和準備而失敗了。
lack of + noun (planning)
The lack of affordable housing has forced many young families to move to the suburbs.
可負擔住房的匱乏迫使許多年輕家庭搬到郊區。
Due to a lack of reliable public transport, Fatima had to walk two kilometres to reach the nearest hospital.
由於缺乏可靠的大眾運輸，Fatima 必須步行兩公里才能到達最近的醫院。
A lack of clean water in the disaster area led to the rapid spread of disease.
災區缺乏乾淨水源，導致疾病迅速蔓延。
The team's lack of experience showed when they faced their first international opponents.
當團隊首次面對國際對手時，經驗不足的問題就顯露出來了。
文法句型
lack of + noun
用法筆記
Always used with 'of' followed by the thing that is scarce. The noun 'lack' is uncountable — do not say 'a lack of' for a single countable item.
常見錯誤
2. A specific thing that is not available but is wanted, needed, or expected to be
短缺物
需要但缺少的東西
A specific thing that is not available but is wanted, needed, or expected to be present.
The company identified several lacks in its customer service procedures, including long wait times and unclear return policies.
該公司指出了客服流程中的幾項缺失，包括等待時間過長和退貨政策不明確。
lacks in [plural]
The report pointed out the main lacks in the school's safety equipment.
報告指出了學校安全設備的主要缺失。
We need to address the lacks in our training programme before the next audit.
我們需要在下次審計之前解決培訓計畫中的不足。
The committee listed several lacks in the current healthcare system.
委員會列出了當前醫療保健系統中的幾項缺失。
The evaluation revealed serious lacks in the building's fire prevention measures.
評估結果顯示該建築物的防火措施存在嚴重缺陷。
- shortcoming
more common; a fault or failure to meet a standard
- deficiency
formal; a lack of a necessary quality or amount
- gap
common; a space or omission where something should be
文法句型
lacks in [plural]
用法筆記
This countable use of 'lack' is far less common than the uncountable sense. It is most often found in formal or technical writing (reports, evaluations) and usually in the plural form 'lacks.'