non-universal
non-universal — 形容詞
1. not applying to all people, places, or situations; affecting only particular reg
並非普遍
不適用於所有人或所有情況的
not applying to all people, places, or situations; affecting only particular regions, groups, or cases.
Dr. Okonkwo argued that the new policy was non-universal, benefiting only wealthy families.
Dr. Okonkwo 認為這項新政策並非普遍適用，僅對富裕家庭有利。
that-clause: argue that + [noun] + is non-universal
The hospital clinic offers non-universal services open only to local district residents.
這家醫院診所提供的服務並非普遍性質，僅限當地居民使用。
non-universal + noun (services) — limited availability
The school district's non-universal attendance policy applies only to students in after-school programmes.
該學區的出席規定並非普遍適用，僅針對參加課後活動的學生。
Food safety standards in the region are non-universal, with each country setting its own rules.
該地區的食品安全標準不具普遍性，各國自行訂定規範。
Wei Chen explained that the hiring rules at his company are non-universal, differing by position.
Wei Chen 解釋說，公司的招聘規則並非普遍適用，視職位層級而異。
- limited
Broader and more common in everyday English; 'limited' can describe amount, time, or scope, while 'non-universal' specifically negates universality
- particular
Focuses on the specific nature of a single case rather than a restriction of scope; 'particular' does not imply that other cases are excluded
- local
Ties the limitation to a specific geographical area; more concrete than 'non-universal'
- restricted
Often implies an active or deliberate limitation imposed from outside, whereas 'non-universal' is more neutral
- universal
The direct opposite — applying to all people, places, or situations without exception
文法句型
non-universal + [noun]
be + non-universal
用法筆記
Common in formal or academic contexts where the scope of a policy, rule, finding, or principle is being contrasted with universality. Frequently paired with nouns like 'policy,' 'rule,' 'standard,' 'service,' 'feature,' or 'finding.'