summation
/sʌˈmeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · [səmˈeʃən] /sʌˈmeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · [səmˈeʃən] /(ˌ)sə-ˈmā-shən How to pronounce summation (audio)/ (ame, mw)
summation — 名詞
- summationsingular
- summationsplural
1. A short statement or piece of writing that presents the most important points of
總結；概括
只講述重點的簡短說明
A short statement or piece of writing that presents the most important points of a topic without covering every detail.
The professor asked each student to write a one-page summation of the main ideas from the lecture.
教授要求每位學生寫一頁的重點總結，涵蓋該堂課的主要概念。
collocation: a summation of [topic]
In her report, Yara included a brief summation of the key findings from the year-long study.
Yara 在她的報告中附上了一段關於這項年度研究主要發現的簡短總結。
collocation: brief summation
The newspaper printed a short summation of the debate, highlighting the arguments from each side.
該報紙刊登了辯論的簡短總結，強調了雙方的論點。
Before the meeting ended, the chairperson gave a quick summation of the points everyone had agreed on.
會議結束前，主席快速總結了大家達成共識的幾點事項。
Benjamin's summation of the novel helped the book club members understand the plot more clearly.
Benjamin 對這本小說的概括幫助讀書會成員更清楚地理解情節。
用法筆記
Often used with a prepositional phrase introduced by 'of' that specifies what is being summarized.
常見錯誤
2. Something that draws together various features or qualities to give a full pictu
縮影；體現
能代表整體的完整展現
Something that draws together various features or qualities to give a full picture that captures the nature of a person, place, or thing.
The old market was a vivid summation of the city's diverse culture and long history.
這座古老的市場是該城市多元文化與悠久歷史的生動縮影。
collocation: a [adjective] summation of [abstract noun]
To many visitors, the garden stands as a perfect summation of traditional Japanese landscape design.
對許多遊客而言，這座庭園是傳統日本園林設計的完美縮影。
Tamar felt that her art collection was a living summation of her travels and the people she had met.
Tamar 覺得她的藝術收藏是她旅行經歷與所遇之人的活生生縮影。
That single photograph became a moving summation of the entire festival, capturing joy, colour, and community in one frame.
那張照片成為了整個音樂節的感人縮影——喜悅、色彩與社群凝聚在一個畫面中。
- embodiment
more natural for describing a person who represents a quality
- epitome
suggests the perfect or most typical example of a quality
- quintessence
formal; the purest or most typical form of something
- cross-section
emphasises variety rather than condensation; a representative sample
用法筆記
This sense is figurative and formal. The subject is typically an object, place, or work of art that represents something larger. Not used for people in everyday speech — 'embodiment' or 'epitome' is more natural for describing a person.
常見錯誤
3. During the final stage of a court case, a lawyer or judge addresses the jury to
結案陳詞
審判結束時向陪審團所做的總結
During the final stage of a court case, a lawyer or judge addresses the jury to restate the main facts and arguments before the jury makes its decision.
The defence lawyer delivered a powerful summation that made the jury reconsider the evidence.
辯護律師發表了強而有力的結案陳詞，使陪審團重新審視證據。
collocation: deliver a summation
During her summation, the prosecutor reminded the jury of the timeline presented by the key witnesses.
檢察官在結案陳詞中提醒陪審團幾位關鍵證人提供的時間順序。
preposition: during [possessive] summation
Haruto took careful notes while the judge gave the final summation, listing the questions the jury should answer.
Haruto 仔細記錄了法官在最終結案陳詞中列出的問題，這些是陪審團需要回答的。
After Chidi finished his summation, the jury left the courtroom to begin their private discussion.
Chidi 結束結案陳詞後，陪審團離開法庭開始閉門討論。
The newspaper reported that the longest summation in the trial lasted nearly three hours on the final day.
報紙報導，該審判中最長的結案陳詞在最後一天持續了近三個小時。
- closing argument
the standard term in US court procedure; interchangeable with 'summation'
- closing statement
slightly less formal than 'summation'; used in both legal and non-legal contexts
- final address
formal term, especially in British and Commonwealth courts
- opening statement
the speech lawyers give at the start of a trial to outline their case
用法筆記
Commonly used in American legal contexts. In British courts, the term 'closing speech' or 'final speech' is more frequent. The jury listens to the summation before leaving to reach a verdict.
常見錯誤
4. The mathematical operation of counting several quantities together to determine
加法運算
將數字相加的計算過程
The mathematical operation of counting several quantities together to determine their combined value.
Ezra taught his younger sister the basic method of summation using a simple column of numbers.
Ezra 用一列簡單的數字教妹妹基本的加法運算方法。
collocation: method of summation
The children practised the summation of fractions with different denominators under the teacher's careful guidance.
孩子們在老師仔細指導下練習了分母不同之分數的加法運算。
structure: summation of [mathematical items]
In the exam, students had to show each step of the summation to receive full marks for the calculation.
考試時，學生必須寫出加法運算的每一個步驟才能獲得計算題的全部分數。
The software can handle the summation of a long series of numbers in just a few seconds.
這套軟體只需幾秒鐘就能處理一長串數字的加法運算。
In the summation of the annual sales figures, every region's contribution was added to the final total.
在計算年度銷售數字的加法運算中，每個區域的貢獻都被加進了最終總額。
- subtraction
the opposite mathematical operation of taking away
- deduction
the act of subtracting an amount
用法筆記
This sense focuses on the method or act of adding, not the result. If you mean the final number, use Sense 5 ('the total'). In mathematics, 'addition' is far more common than 'summation' for everyday use.
常見錯誤
5. The final number, quantity, or amount that results when two or more numbers have
總和；總數
數字相加後得出的最終數額
The final number, quantity, or amount that results when two or more numbers have been added together.
The summation of all the donations reached over five thousand dollars by the end of the week.
截至該週末，所有捐款的總和已超過五千美元。
structure: the summation of [items] + reaches [amount]
Yara double-checked the summation of the monthly expenses before sending the report to her manager.
Yara 在將報告發送給經理之前，再次核對了每月開支的總和。
The summation of votes from all districts gave a clear winner in the local election.
來自所有選區的選票總和清楚地顯示了地方選舉中的勝出者。
After adding the costs of materials, labour, and transport, the summation came to just under ten thousand dollars.
將材料費、人工費和運輸費全部相加後，總和接近一萬美元。
The accountant presented the summation of the company's quarterly income at the board meeting.
會計師在董事會上呈報了公司季度收入的總和。
用法筆記
Distinguish from Sense 4: this sense refers to the resulting number (the 'answer'), not the act of adding. 'Total' and 'sum' are much more common in everyday language for the same meaning.