files
files — 名詞
1. written or printed records about a particular person, company, or topic, often g
檔案資料
關於某人或主題的書面紀錄集
written or printed records about a particular person, company, or topic, often gathered together so they can be checked later
The police have detailed files on every burglary reported in the district last year.
警方握有本轄區去年通報的每件竊案的詳細檔案資料。
pattern: files on [topic]
Felipe asked the human-resources clerk to pull the personnel files for the three new hires.
Felipe 請人事部門的職員調出三名新進員工的人事檔案。
Hoa spent the morning reading old patient files in the hospital's basement archive.
Hoa 整個上午都在醫院地下室的檔案庫翻閱舊的病患紀錄。
The journalist requested the public files from city hall using a freedom-of-information letter.
那名記者透過資訊公開申請信，向市政府索取公開檔案。
- records
broader; any kept information including audio or numerical
- dossier
formal; usually a single bundle on one person
- case notes
narrower; medical or legal files specifically
文法句型
files on someone/something
the files
用法筆記
Typically appears in the plural with a defining phrase: 'files on X', 'X's files', 'the Y files'. Distinguish from sense 3 (computer data): these are paper or mixed-media records, often historical.
2. pieces of information saved on a computer or phone under a single name, such as
電腦檔案
電腦或手機上以單一名稱儲存的資料
pieces of information saved on a computer or phone under a single name, such as a photo, song, or document
Megan emailed the wedding photo files to her cousin in Toronto last night.
Megan 昨晚把婚禮照片檔案用電子郵件寄給她在多倫多的表姊。
Always back up your important files before installing a new operating system.
安裝新作業系統之前，務必先備份你重要的電腦檔案。
imperative + technical advice register
The video files were too big to send through the school's email system.
那些影片檔案太大，沒辦法透過學校的電子郵件系統寄出。
Nikhil dragged the music files from his laptop into a folder on the shared drive.
Nikhil 把音樂檔案從筆電拖到共用硬碟的資料夾中。
文法句型
save/open/delete a file
file format/size/name
用法筆記
Object types are limited to digital data (audio, video, image, text, program). For paper records use sense 1, not this sense.
3. boxes, folders, or similar holders that office workers use to keep papers organi
文件夾
用來整理紙本文件的盒子或夾子
boxes, folders, or similar holders that office workers use to keep papers organised and easy to find
Sora arranged the bank statements in colour-coded files on the top shelf.
Sora 把銀行對帳單依顏色分類整理到頂層架上的文件夾裡。
The new files from the stationery shop have plastic tabs along the side.
從文具店買來的新文件夾側邊都有塑膠標籤條。
Gabriel keeps a row of brown card files beside his desk for the monthly invoices.
Gabriel 在書桌旁擺了一排褐色厚紙文件夾，用來存放每月發票。
Please return the project files to the cabinet by the window when you finish.
請在用完之後把專案文件夾放回窗邊的櫃子裡。
- folders
more common in everyday speech for the simplest type
- binders
rigid; usually with metal rings
- portfolios
soft case; usually for one project or a small set
文法句型
a file of [documents]
filing cabinet
用法筆記
Refers to the physical holder itself, not the papers inside (those are sense 1). Often shows up with materials or colours: 'card files', 'brown files', 'colour-coded files'.
4. rows in which people or creatures stand or walk single-file, each one directly b
縱隊
前後排成一直線的人或動物群
rows in which people or creatures stand or walk single-file, each one directly behind the next, usually in straight lines
Soldiers marched past the memorial in neat files of twenty, eyes facing forward.
士兵以二十人為一列的整齊縱隊走過紀念碑，雙眼直視前方。
pattern: in files of [number]
The children formed two quiet files at the museum entrance before going inside.
孩子們在博物館入口排成兩列安靜的縱隊，才一起進去。
Long files of elephants moved slowly along the dry riverbed at sunset.
傍晚時分，長長的象群以縱隊形式沿著乾涸的河床緩緩前行。
Hamza watched the monks walk in silent files toward the morning prayer hall.
Hamza 看著僧人們列成靜默的縱隊走向晨間的禱告堂。
文法句型
in single/double files
in files of [number]
用法筆記
Often appears in 'single file' / 'double file' as a set phrase, or with a counting phrase ('files of twenty'). Subject is usually a coordinated group (soldiers, children, animals).
5. small flat or round metal tools with rough surfaces that workers rub against woo
銼刀
表面粗糙、用來磨平物品的金屬工具
small flat or round metal tools with rough surfaces that workers rub against wood, metal, or fingernails to make them smoother
Iris keeps a set of small files in her toolkit for shaping the silver rings she makes.
Iris 的工具箱裡放著一套小銼刀，用來打造她製作的銀戒指。
The carpenter chose two flat files to smooth the rough edges of the oak panel.
木工挑了兩把扁銼刀，把橡木板的粗糙邊緣磨平。
collocation: flat / round / nail files
Justin reached into the manicure bag and pulled out a thin glass file for his thumbnail.
Justin 伸手進美甲包，拿出一支細的玻璃銼刀整理拇指甲。
Old files with worn teeth no longer cut metal cleanly and should be replaced.
齒口磨損的舊銼刀已經沒辦法把金屬切削乾淨，應該更換。
- rasps
coarser; bigger teeth, used on wood and softer materials
- emery boards
narrower; only for fingernails, made of cardboard
文法句型
a metal/nail/wood file
use a file on [object]
用法筆記
Often preceded by a shape or purpose word: 'flat files', 'round files', 'nail files', 'wood files'. Plural may refer to a set of different sizes used together.
files — 動詞
1. puts papers, emails, or other records in a chosen place and order so that other
歸檔
把資料依順序放好以利日後查找
puts papers, emails, or other records in a chosen place and order so that other people can find them later
The clerk files customer complaints under the year and month they arrive.
那位職員把客戶投訴依寄達的年份和月份分類歸檔。
pattern: files something under [label]
Lauren files her receipts in a small brown folder beside the kitchen phone.
Lauren 把收據歸檔到廚房電話旁的小型棕色資料夾中。
Most offices file old contracts in the basement after five years.
多數辦公室會在五年後把舊合約歸檔到地下室存放。
Nicholas files every important email in a separate folder so he can find it in seconds.
Nicholas 把每封重要的電子郵件歸檔到獨立的資料夾，幾秒鐘就能找到。
- stores
broader; any kind of keeping including warehouses
- archives
formal; usually for older or historical records
- catalogues
narrower; also adds a numbered listing system
文法句型
files something away/under [label]
files something in [container]
用法筆記
Object must be something keepable as a record (papers, emails, photos, forms). Frequently followed by 'under [label]' or 'in [container]' to name the place. Distinguish from sense 4 (legal submission): sense 1 is private organising.
常見錯誤
2. hands a formal document to a government office or other authority, often to clai
提交申報
向官方機關正式遞交文件
hands a formal document to a government office or other authority, often to claim something or to give required information
Rachel files her tax return online every April through the government's free service.
Rachel 每年四月都透過政府的免費服務在線上提交申報所得稅。
very common collocation: files a tax return
The company files a quarterly report with the financial regulator each March, June, September, and December.
公司在三月、六月、九月和十二月向金融主管機關提交季度報告。
pattern: files [report] with [authority]
Ari helped the family file an insurance claim after the kitchen fire last spring.
去年春天廚房失火後，Ari 協助家人向保險公司提交理賠申請。
Most small businesses file their VAT forms through an accountant rather than alone.
多數小型企業是透過會計師而不是自行提交營業稅申報表。
- withdraws
takes back a submitted document
文法句型
files a [tax return / claim / report] with [authority]
用法筆記
Object is a named formal document type: 'tax return', 'report', 'claim', 'form'. The receiver is named with 'with' or 'to': 'files X with the tax office'. Distinguish from sense 4: sense 2 is administrative; sense 4 is courtroom-specific.
3. starts a court case by giving the official papers to the right court office, usu
提起訴訟
向法院遞交文件以啟動法律程序
starts a court case by giving the official papers to the right court office, usually against a particular person or company
The town council files a lawsuit against the factory for polluting the drinking water.
鎮議會對污染飲用水的工廠提起訴訟。
very common collocation: files a lawsuit against
Benjamin's lawyer files the divorce papers at the county court on Monday morning.
Benjamin 的律師將於星期一上午到郡法院遞交離婚訴訟文件。
The union files a formal complaint about unsafe ladders with the regional labour board.
工會就梯子不安全一事，向區域勞工局提起正式申訴。
Christopher files for bankruptcy three weeks after the shop closed for good.
商店關門三週後，Christopher 申請破產保護。
文法句型
files a lawsuit/charge/petition against [person]
files for [divorce/bankruptcy]
用法筆記
Object is a legal instrument (lawsuit, charge, petition, complaint) or 'for' + a legal status (divorce, bankruptcy, custody). The opposing party is named with 'against'. Distinguish from sense 2: sense 3 specifically begins a courtroom proceeding.
4. as a reporter, transmits finished news writing back to the newsroom, typically f
發稿
記者從外地將新聞傳回編輯部
as a reporter, transmits finished news writing back to the newsroom, typically from a distant location using phone calls, email, or satellite links
Noa files her election story from a hotel room in Buenos Aires by midnight every Sunday.
Noa 每週日午夜前都從布宜諾斯艾利斯的飯店房間把選舉報導發稿回去。
pattern: files [story] from [location]
The war correspondent files a short report each evening from the border town.
那位戰地記者每天傍晚都從邊境小鎮發出一則簡短的報導。
Élise files copy to the Paris desk through a satellite phone whenever the wifi fails.
wifi 一斷線，Élise 就透過衛星電話把稿件發送到巴黎的編輯桌。
Every local reporter files a final story an hour before the print deadline.
每位地方記者都會在印刷截稿前一小時發出最後一則報導。
文法句型
files a story/report from [place]
用法筆記
Specific to journalism. Object is usually 'a story', 'a report', or 'copy'. The 'from [place]' phrase is common because the verb implies remote sending. Distinguish from sense 1: sense 4 is about transmission to a newsroom, not personal storage.
5. moves forward as part of a group with each person directly behind the next, ofte
列隊行進
成群依縱列方式前後跟隨前行
moves forward as part of a group with each person directly behind the next, often slowly and quietly
The choir files onto the stage in matching blue robes for the Christmas concert.
合唱團穿著一致的藍色長袍列隊登台演唱聖誕音樂會。
pattern: files onto/into [place]
A long crowd of passengers files past the boarding gate at the small island airport.
長長一群旅客在小島機場列隊走過登機門。
The whole class files quietly into the chapel for the morning assembly.
全班同學安靜地列隊走進禮拜堂參加晨間集會。
The jury files back into the courtroom after three hours of discussion.
陪審團經過三個小時的討論後，列隊走回法庭。
- scatters
moves apart instead of staying in line
文法句型
files in/out/past/into [place]
用法筆記
Subject is always a coordinated group, never one individual. Almost always followed by a direction phrase: 'in', 'out', 'past', 'into', 'onto'. Often paired with a manner word: 'quietly', 'slowly', 'silently'.
6. rubs a small toothed metal tool back and forth across wood, metal, or a fingerna
用銼刀磨
以銼刀將表面磨平或修整形狀
rubs a small toothed metal tool back and forth across wood, metal, or a fingernail to make the surface smoother or change its shape
Leo files the rough edge of the brass key until it slides into the lock cleanly.
Leo 用銼刀磨黃銅鑰匙的粗糙邊緣，直到能順利插入鎖孔。
pattern: files [object] until [result]
Lisa files her nails into soft ovals before painting them dark red.
Lisa 把指甲銼成柔和的橢圓形之後，再塗上深紅色指甲油。
very common collocation: files [her/his] nails
The blacksmith files down the welded seam on the iron gate before fitting the hinges.
鐵匠先把鐵門上的焊接縫銼平，再裝上鉸鏈。
Obi files the chair leg by half a centimetre so the table stands level.
Obi 把椅腳銼掉半公分，這樣桌子就能站穩了。
- roughens
deliberately adds bumps or scratches
文法句型
files [object] down/smooth
files at [object]
用法筆記
Object is the surface or item being shaped (nails, edge, key, leg). Frequently followed by 'down' (remove material) or 'smooth' (result). The tool itself is often unnamed because the verb implies it.