grind
grind — 名詞
1. the size of the small particles produced when coffee beans or other dry ingredie
研磨細度
咖啡等物質磨碎後的顆粒粗細
the size of the small particles produced when coffee beans or other dry ingredients are crushed — for example, a fine grind for espresso and a coarse grind for a French press.
The barista adjusted the grind to a finer setting for the espresso machine.
咖啡師將研磨調細，以配合濃縮咖啡機。
fine grind + espresso machine
For a French press, you need a coarse grind so the water can flow through easily.
用法式濾壓壺需要粗研磨，水才能順利流過。
coarse grind + French press
Liang bought a bag of pre-ground coffee, but the grind was too fine for his drip maker.
Liang 買了一包預磨咖啡粉，但研磨太細，不適合他的濾滴壺。
Different brewing methods require different grinds, from powder-fine to chunky.
不同的沖泡方式需要不同的研磨細度，從極細粉到粗顆粒都有。
- granulation
more technical, used in manufacturing or pharmacy contexts
- texture
broader term that includes grind size but also other qualities like softness
文法句型
adjective + grind
fine/coarse grind
用法筆記
Often paired with adjectives like 'fine,' 'coarse,' 'medium,' or 'uniform' to describe the particle size.
常見錯誤
2. the act of crushing or rubbing something into small pieces or powder, using a ma
研磨動作
將東西磨碎或磨細的動作
the act of crushing or rubbing something into small pieces or powder, using a machine or by hand.
The steady grind of the pepper mill filled the quiet kitchen.
胡椒研磨機穩定的研磨聲充滿了安靜的廚房。
With one final grind of the pestle, the spices were ready for the curry.
搗杵最後一碾，香料便可以下鍋煮咖哩了。
a (final) grind of + tool
The old mill used a heavy stone wheel whose slow grind could be heard across the valley.
那座老磨坊使用一個沉重的石輪，其緩慢的研磨聲在整個山谷都聽得見。
A quick grind of fresh black pepper improved the taste of the soup.
快速磨幾下新鮮黑胡椒，就讓湯的味道更好了。
文法句型
the grind of + noun
a + adjective + grind
用法筆記
Often used with 'of' followed by the tool or substance being ground, e.g. 'a grind of the mill' or 'the grind of metal against stone.'
3. work or study that is tiring, repetitive, and demands continuous effort over a l
苦差事
枯燥費力的長期工作或任務
work or study that is tiring, repetitive, and demands continuous effort over a long period.
The daily grind of commuting two hours each way wore Talia down.
每天通勤兩個小時的苦差事讓 Talia 身心俱疲。
the daily grind of + noun phrase
For many office workers, the nine-to-five grind leaves little time for hobbies.
對許多上班族來說，朝九晚五的苦差事幾乎沒留下時間給興趣嗜好。
the nine-to-five grind
Christopher found the grind of preparing for medical school exams almost unbearable.
Christopher 覺得準備醫學院考試的苦差事幾乎令人難以忍受。
The weekend break was a welcome escape from the usual grind of deadlines and reports.
週末的休息是對平常截稿期限和報告等苦差事的一次愉快逃脫。
文法句型
the + adjective + grind
the daily grind
noun + grind
用法筆記
Very common in fixed phrases like 'the daily grind' and 'the nine-to-five grind,' especially when describing routine work life.
常見錯誤
4. a student who is seen as socially awkward or boring because they spend almost al
書呆子
只會讀書而缺乏社交生活的乏味之人
a student who is seen as socially awkward or boring because they spend almost all their time studying instead of socialising.
In high school, the other kids called him a grind for spending every lunch in the library.
高中時，其他同學因為他每天午餐時間都待在圖書館而叫他書呆子。
informal: called someone a grind
The film portrays the main character as a lonely grind who never goes to parties.
電影把主角描寫成一個孤獨的書呆子，從不參加派對。
Élise didn't mind being called a grind — she knew her hard work would pay off eventually.
Élise 並不介意被人說是個書呆子——她知道自己的努力終究會有回報。
The old stereotype of a grind as a student with thick glasses and no friends has mostly faded.
書呆子是戴著厚眼鏡、沒有朋友的學生這種老套刻板印象大多已經消失了。
- slacker
someone who avoids work or study
文法句型
a + adjective + grind
用法筆記
Somewhat dated US slang from the mid-20th century. Less common today; replaced in modern usage by terms like 'nerd' or 'geek,' which have lost much of their negative edge.
常見錯誤
5. extra teaching sessions that students attend outside regular school hours, espec
補習
課外加強課程或補習班
extra teaching sessions that students attend outside regular school hours, especially to prepare for important exams; often refers to a specialised school or programme focused on exam preparation.
In Taipei, many high school students attend grind schools every evening to prepare for the university entrance exam.
在台北，許多高中生每天晚上到補習班上課，準備大學入學考試。
grind school: exam prep context
Yasmin's parents enrolled her in a Saturday grind for math and English.
Yasmin 的父母幫她報名了週六的數學和英文補習班。
The grind industry in East Asia is huge, with some students studying until ten at night.
東亞的補習產業規模龐大，有些學生唸到晚上十點。
A good grind teacher can explain difficult concepts more clearly than a crowded classroom allows.
好的補習班老師能把困難的概念講解得比擁擠的教室裡更清楚。
- cram school
more widely understood internationally for exam-focused private academies
- tutoring
broader term, can be one-on-one or small group
文法句型
a grind + in + subject
go to grind
grind school
用法筆記
Common in East Asian contexts where after-school 'cram schools' or 'buxiban' (補習班) are a normal part of student life. In other regions, the term is less familiar.
grind — 動詞
1. to reduce a solid material to small particles or fine powder through pressing, r
磨碎；碾碎
將固體壓碎或磨成粉末
to reduce a solid material to small particles or fine powder through pressing, rubbing, or using a device such as a mill.
Amihan ground the coffee beans by hand with an old wooden mill.
Amihan 用一台老式木製磨豆機用手將咖啡豆磨碎。
grind + beans + by hand
The wheat is ground into flour at the local mill before being shipped to bakeries.
小麥在當地的磨坊被磨成麵粉，然後運往麵包店。
passive: be ground into + product
Freshly ground black pepper has a much stronger aroma than the pre-ground kind.
現磨黑胡椒的香氣比預磨的強烈得多。
In the laboratory, the rock samples were ground into a fine powder for testing.
在實驗室裡，岩石樣本被磨成細粉以進行測試。
You can grind almonds into a powder to make gluten-free flour for baking.
你可以把杏仁磨成粉，用來製作無麩質烘焙麵粉。
- lump
to form into lumps or clumps, the opposite of grinding smooth
文法句型
grind + noun + into/up
grind + adverb (finely/coarsely)
be ground + into/to
用法筆記
Irregular past form: ground (not 'grinded'). Frequently used in passive constructions when describing industrial or laboratory processes. Often followed by 'into' to specify the resulting form ('grind into flour/powder').
常見錯誤
2. to sharpen or polish a blade or surface by pressing it onto a spinning abrasive
磨利；磨光
透過摩擦使工具變鋒利或表面變光滑
to sharpen or polish a blade or surface by pressing it onto a spinning abrasive disc or stone.
The chef ground his kitchen knives on a whetstone before each service.
那位廚師在每次出餐前都用磨刀石將廚房刀具磨利。
grind + knives + on + (sharpening stone)
Ravindra spent the afternoon grinding the rough edges off the marble countertop.
Ravindra 花了一個下午把大理石檯面的粗糙邊緣磨平。
Lenses for telescopes must be ground to an extremely precise curve.
望遠鏡的鏡片必須研磨到極精準的曲度。
A diamond wheel is used to grind the hardest industrial tools to a razor edge.
金剛石砂輪用來將最硬的工業刀具磨出鋒利邊緣。
- dull
to make a blade less sharp
文法句型
grind + noun (blade/tool/lens) + on/against
grind + noun + to + adjective (sharp/smooth)
用法筆記
For sharpening, 'grind' implies using an abrasive surface (a stone, wheel, or belt) — different from 'hone' (fine-tuning an already sharp edge) or 'strop' (polishing with leather).
常見錯誤
3. to rub your upper and lower teeth together, especially while asleep or when feel
磨牙
上下牙齒互相摩擦發出聲音
to rub your upper and lower teeth together, especially while asleep or when feeling stress or anger, often producing a scraping or grating sound.
The dentist noticed that Elena had been grinding her teeth at night and recommended a mouthguard.
牙醫注意到 Elena 晚上有磨牙的習慣，於是建議她使用護牙套。
grind + one's + teeth + at night (sleep bruxism)
Whenever Emre felt anxious about an exam, he would unconsciously grind his teeth.
每當 Emre 因為考試而感到焦慮時，他會不自覺地磨牙。
My roommate grinds her teeth so loudly at night that I can hear it through the wall.
我的室友晚上磨牙的聲音很大，隔著牆都聽得到。
Long-term teeth grinding can damage the enamel and cause jaw pain.
長期磨牙會損害牙齒琺瑯質並引起下顎疼痛。
文法句型
grind + one's + teeth
grind + adverb (noisily/unconsciously)
用法筆記
The medical term for habitual teeth grinding is 'bruxism.' This sense is almost always used reflexively with 'one's teeth' ('grind one's teeth'). The metaphorical expression 'grind your teeth' (to express frustration without speaking) is a related but distinct usage.
常見錯誤
4. in computer or role-playing games, to go through the same tasks, battles, or are
練功；刷副本
重複遊戲任務以提升角色等級
in computer or role-playing games, to go through the same tasks, battles, or areas repeatedly so that your character earns experience points, virtual money, or rare items.
Olivia spent the whole weekend grinding in the forest to reach level fifty.
Olivia 花了整個週末在森林裡練功，想把角色練到五十級。
grind + in + (area) + to reach + (level)
Many players grind for rare equipment instead of buying it from the in-game store.
許多玩家寧可刷副本刷稀有裝備，也不在遊戲商城裡購買。
grind + for + (reward)
The game's final boss was so tough that Ava had to grind for another ten hours before attempting it again.
遊戲裡的最終頭目太強了，Ava 只好再練功十小時才敢挑戰。
Some gamers find grinding relaxing, while others consider it a boring chore.
有些玩家覺得練功很放鬆，有些人則認為那是無聊的苦差事。
- speedrun
completing a game as fast as possible, the opposite of the repetitive focus of grinding
文法句型
grind + for (experience/levels/items)
grind + through (dungeon/area)
grind + noun (dungeon/boss)
用法筆記
Gaming slang that originated in early online RPGs and MMOs. The noun form ('grinding') is also very common ('I spent the evening doing some grinding'). In Taiwanese gaming communities, equivalent terms include '練功' (lit. 'practice kung fu') and '刷' ('刷副本' = grinding dungeons).
常見錯誤
5. to work slowly, steadily, and with great effort on a task that is repetitive, bo
苦讀；苦幹
長時間努力從事枯燥費力的工作
to work slowly, steadily, and with great effort on a task that is repetitive, boring, or mentally draining, often over a long period.
Liang ground away at his math homework until midnight every night.
Liang 每天晚上埋頭苦讀數學作業，直到半夜。
grind away at + work
The research team ground through thousands of pages of census data looking for population trends.
研究團隊苦讀了數千頁的人口普查資料，尋找人口趨勢。
grind through + (large material)
Adina ground away at the translation project for months before it was finally complete.
Adina 埋頭苦幹了好幾個月，終於完成了翻譯案。
Instead of taking a break, Christopher just ground on with his revision until the exam was over.
Christopher 沒有休息，一直苦讀複習直到考試結束。
- coast
to proceed without effort, the opposite of grinding through work
文法句型
grind + away + at + noun
grind + through + noun
grind + on
用法筆記
Often used with the particles 'away' or 'on' to emphasise the duration and difficulty ('grind away at,' 'grind on with'). The past tense 'ground' is standard here (not 'grinded').